Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Psalms.7.1", "source": "שִׁגָּי֗וֹן לְדָ֫וִ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֥ר לַיהוָ֑ה עַל־דִּבְרֵי־כ֝֗וּשׁ בֶּן־יְמִינִֽי׃", "text": "*Shiggāyôn* belonging to *Dāwid* which he *shār* to *YHWH* concerning-*dibrê*-*Kûsh* *ben*-*Yəmînî*", "grammar": { "*Shiggāyôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - musical term/wild passionate song", "*lədāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - belonging to/for David", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*shār*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - sang", "*laYHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH", "*ʿal-dibrê*": "preposition + construct plural noun - concerning the words/matters of", "*Kûsh*": "proper noun - Cush", "*ben-Yəmînî*": "noun, masculine, singular + proper noun - son of Yemini/Benjamite" }, "variants": { "*Shiggāyôn*": "wild, passionate song/musical term/dithyramb/dirge of lamentation", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/affairs", "*Yəmînî*": "Benjamite/son of the right hand/from the tribe of Benjamin" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Ps 31:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.31.15", "source": "וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ עָלֶ֣יךָ בָטַ֣חְתִּי יְהוָ֑ה אָ֝מַ֗רְתִּי אֱלֹהַ֥י אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "And-*ʾănî* upon-you *bāṭaḥtî* *YHWH*; *ʾāmartî* *ʾĕlōhay* *ʾāttâ*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*bāṭaḥtî*": "verb, perfect 1st person singular - I have trusted", "*ʾāmartî*": "verb, perfect 1st person singular - I have said", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my God", "*ʾāttâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you" }, "variants": { "*bāṭaḥtî*": "trusted/relied/had confidence", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "my God/deity/divine being" } }
  • Hab 3:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.3.1", "source": "תְּפִלָּ֖ה לַחֲבַקּ֣וּק הַנָּבִ֑יא עַ֖ל שִׁגְיֹנֽוֹת׃", "text": "*Təp̄illāh* for *Ḥăḇaqqûq* the *nāḇîʾ* upon *šiḡyōnôṯ*", "grammar": { "*Təp̄illāh*": "feminine singular construct - prayer/petition", "*Ḥăḇaqqûq*": "proper noun with prefix *lə-* (to/for/of)", "*nāḇîʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article *ha-* - prophet", "*šiḡyōnôṯ*": "plural noun with preposition *ʿal* - musical term, possibly indicating style or tune" }, "variants": { "*Təp̄illāh*": "prayer/supplication/intercession", "*šiḡyōnôṯ*": "dithyrambic poem/passionate song/musical directive of uncertain meaning" } }
  • Zech 14:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Zechariah.14.5", "source": "וְנַסְתֶּ֣ם גֵּֽיא־הָרַ֗י כִּֽי־יַגִּ֣יעַ גֵּי־הָרִים֮ אֶל־אָצַל֒ וְנַסְתֶּ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר נַסְתֶּם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָרַ֔עַשׁ בִּימֵ֖י עֻזִּיָּ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה וּבָא֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔י כָּל־קְדֹשִׁ֖ים עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wənastem gêʾ-hāray* because *kî-yaggîaʿ gê-hārîm ʾel-ʾāṣal* and *wənastem kaʾăšer nastem mippənê hāraʿaš bîmê ʿuzzîyâ melek-yəhûdâ* and *ûbāʾ YHWH ʾĕlōhay kol-qədōšîm ʿimmāk*.", "grammar": { "*wənastem*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will flee", "*gêʾ-hāray*": "masculine singular construct + masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - valley of my mountains", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*yaggîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will reach/extend", "*gê-hārîm*": "masculine singular construct + masculine plural noun - valley of mountains", "*ʾel-ʾāṣal*": "preposition + proper noun - to Azal", "*wənastem*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will flee", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/like", "*nastem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you fled", "*mippənê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - from before", "*hāraʿaš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the earthquake", "*bîmê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - in days of", "*ʿuzzîyâ*": "proper noun - Uzziah", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ûbāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and will come", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my God", "*kol-qədōšîm*": "masculine singular construct + masculine plural noun - all holy ones", "*ʿimmāk*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - with you" }, "variants": { "*wənastem*": "you will flee/escape/run away", "*gêʾ-hāray*": "valley of my mountains/mountain valley", "*yaggîaʿ*": "will reach/extend/touch", "*gê-hārîm*": "valley of mountains/mountain valley", "*ʾāṣal*": "Azal [place name]/nearby place", "*mippənê*": "from before/because of/from the presence of", "*hāraʿaš*": "the earthquake/trembling", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "my God/deity", "*qədōšîm*": "holy ones/saints/holy beings", "*ʿimmāk*": "with you/in your company" } }
  • 1 Pet 1:21 : 21 { "verseID": "1 Peter.1.21", "source": "Τοὺς διʼ αὐτοῦ πιστεύοντας εἰς Θεὸν, τὸν ἐγείραντα αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν, καὶ δόξαν αὐτῷ δόντα· ὥστε τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν καὶ ἐλπίδα εἶναι εἰς Θεόν.", "text": "The ones through him *pisteuontas* in *Theon*, the one having *egeiranta* him from *nekrōn*, and *doxan* to him having *donta*; so that the *pistin* of you and *elpida* to be in *Theon*.", "grammar": { "*pisteuontas*": "present, active, participle, accusative, masculine, plural - substantive", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - direct object", "*egeiranta*": "aorist, active, participle, accusative, masculine, singular - substantive/attributive", "*nekrōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - separation/source", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - direct object", "*donta*": "aorist, active, participle, accusative, masculine, singular - attributive", "*pistin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - subject of infinitive", "*elpida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - subject of infinitive", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - direction/goal" }, "variants": { "*pisteuontas*": "believing/trusting/having faith", "*Theon*": "God/deity", "*egeiranta*": "having raised/lifted up/awakened", "*nekrōn*": "dead ones/corpses", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*donta*": "having given/granted/bestowed", "*pistin*": "faith/trust/belief", "*elpida*": "hope/expectation" } }
  • 1 Pet 4:19 : 19 { "verseID": "1 Peter.4.19", "source": "Ὥστε καὶ οἱ πάσχοντες κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ ὡς πιστῷ Κτίστῃ, παρατιθέσθωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἐν ἀγαθοποιΐᾳ.", "text": "Therefore also those *paschontes kata to thelēma tou Theou* as to faithful *Ktistē*, let them *paratithesthōsan tas psychas autōn* in *agathopoiia*.", "grammar": { "*paschontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - suffering", "*thelēma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - will", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*pistō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to faithful", "*Ktistē*": "dative, masculine, singular - to Creator", "*paratithesthōsan*": "present middle imperative, 3rd person plural - let them entrust/commit", "*tas psychas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - the souls", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of them", "*agathopoiia*": "dative, feminine, singular - in well-doing/doing good" }, "variants": { "*paschontes*": "suffering/experiencing hardship", "*Ktistē*": "Creator/Maker", "*paratithesthōsan*": "entrust/commit/deposit", "*psychas*": "souls/lives", "*agathopoiia*": "doing good/well-doing/right conduct" } }
  • Ps 26:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.26.1", "source": "לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ שָׁפְטֵ֤נִי יְהוָ֗ה כִּֽי־אֲ֭נִי בְּתֻמִּ֣י הָלַ֑כְתִּי וּבַיהוָ֥ה בָּ֝טַ֗חְתִּי לֹ֣א אֶמְעָֽד׃", "text": "Of *Dāwid* ׀ *šāp̄əṭēnî* *YHWH* *kî*-*ʾănî* in-*tummî* *hālāḵtî* and-in-*YHWH* *bāṭaḥtî* not *ʾemʿād*.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, prefixed with lamed preposition - of/belonging to David", "*šāp̄əṭēnî*": "imperative verb with 1st person singular suffix - judge me", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*tummî*": "noun 'integrity' with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my integrity", "*hālāḵtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have walked", "*bāṭaḥtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have trusted", "*ʾemʿād*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will slip/waver/slide" }, "variants": { "*šāp̄əṭēnî*": "judge me/vindicate me", "*tummî*": "my integrity/my innocence/my blamelessness", "*hālāḵtî*": "I have walked/I have conducted myself", "*bāṭaḥtî*": "I have trusted/I have relied", "*ʾemʿād*": "I will slip/I will waver/I will be moved" } }
  • Ps 30:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.30.2", "source": "אֲרוֹמִמְךָ֣ יְ֭הוָה כִּ֣י דִלִּיתָ֑נִי וְלֹא־שִׂמַּ֖חְתָּ אֹיְבַ֣י לִֽי׃", "text": "*ʾărômimḵā* *YHWH* *kî* *dillîtānî* *wə-lōʾ*-*śimmaḥtā* *ʾōyəḇay* to-me", "grammar": { "*ʾărômimḵā*": "Piel imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will exalt you", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*dillîtānî*": "Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - you have drawn me up/lifted me", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*śimmaḥtā*": "Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have made rejoice/gladdened", "*ʾōyəḇay*": "masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my enemies" }, "variants": { "*ʾărômimḵā*": "exalt you/extol you/praise you highly", "*dillîtānî*": "drawn me up/lifted me/pulled me up/rescued me", "*śimmaḥtā*": "made rejoice/gladdened/given joy to" } }
  • Ps 30:12-31:1 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.30.12", "source": "הָפַ֣כְתָּ מִסְפְּדִי֮ לְמָח֢וֹל לִ֥י פִּתַּ֥חְתָּ שַׂקִּ֑י וַֽתְּאַזְּרֵ֥נִי שִׂמְחָֽה׃", "text": "*Hāpaḵtā* *misppədî* to-*māḥôl* for-me *pittaḥtā* *śaqqî* *wa-təʾazzərēnî* *śimḥâ*", "grammar": { "*Hāpaḵtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have turned", "*misppədî*": "masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my mourning/wailing", "*māḥôl*": "masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to dancing", "*pittaḥtā*": "Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have loosed/opened", "*śaqqî*": "masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my sackcloth", "*wa-təʾazzərēnî*": "Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with waw consecutive and 1st person singular suffix - and you have girded me", "*śimḥâ*": "feminine singular - joy/gladness" }, "variants": { "*Hāpaḵtā*": "turned/transformed/changed", "*misppədî*": "my mourning/my wailing/my lamentation", "*māḥôl*": "dancing/dance", "*pittaḥtā*": "loosed/opened/untied/removed", "*śaqqî*": "my sackcloth/my mourning clothes", "*təʾazzərēnî*": "girded me/clothed me/equipped me/surrounded me", "*śimḥâ*": "joy/gladness/rejoicing" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.30.13", "source": "לְמַ֤עַן ׀ יְזַמֶּרְךָ֣ כָ֭בוֹד וְלֹ֣א יִדֹּ֑ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י לְעוֹלָ֥ם אוֹדֶֽךָּ׃", "text": "In-order-that *yəzammerḵā* *ḵāḇôd* *wə-lōʾ* *yiddōm* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhay* for-*ʿôlām* *ʾôdekkā*", "grammar": { "*yəzammerḵā*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - it will praise you", "*ḵāḇôd*": "masculine singular - glory/honor", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*yiddōm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be silent", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my God", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - forever", "*ʾôdekkā*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will praise/thank you" }, "variants": { "*yəzammerḵā*": "praise you/sing to you/make music to you", "*ḵāḇôd*": "glory/honor/dignity/splendor", "*yiddōm*": "be silent/be still/be quiet", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "my God/my deity", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*ʾôdekkā*": "praise you/thank you/acknowledge you" } } 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.31.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "To-the-*mənaṣṣēaḥ* *mizmôr* to-*Dāwid*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for the director/chief musician", "*mizmôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - psalm/song", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for David" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "director/chief musician/conductor/overseer", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/song" } }
  • Ps 32:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.32.10", "source": "רַבִּ֥ים מַכְאוֹבִ֗ים לָרָ֫שָׁ֥ע וְהַבּוֹטֵ֥חַ בַּיהוָ֑ה חֶ֝֗סֶד יְסוֹבְבֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*rabbîm* *maḵʾôḇîm* *lārāšāʿ* *wəhabbôṭēaḥ* *baYHWH* *ḥeseḏ* *yəsôḇḇennû*.", "grammar": { "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many", "*maḵʾôḇîm*": "masculine plural noun - sorrows/pains", "*lārāšāʿ*": "preposition *lə-* + definite article + masculine singular noun - for the wicked", "*wəhabbôṭēaḥ*": "conjunction *wə-* + definite article + qal participle masculine singular - but the one trusting", "*baYHWH*": "preposition *bə-* + divine name - in YHWH", "*ḥeseḏ*": "masculine singular noun - lovingkindness/steadfast love", "*yəsôḇḇennû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it will surround him" }, "variants": { "*maḵʾôḇîm*": "sorrows/pains/sufferings", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evildoer/criminal", "*bôṭēaḥ*": "one trusting/one who relies on", "*ḥeseḏ*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy/covenant faithfulness", "*yəsôḇḇennû*": "it will surround him/it will encompass him" } }
  • Ps 35:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.35.1", "source": "לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ רִיבָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אֶת־יְרִיבַ֑י לְ֝חַ֗ם אֶת־לֹֽחֲמָֽי׃", "text": "Of *Dāwid*, *rîbāh* *Yahweh* *ʾēt*-my *yərîbay*; *ləḥam* *ʾēt*-my *lōḥămāy*.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition lamed (to/for/of David)", "*rîbāh*": "imperative, masculine singular - contend/strive", "*Yahweh*": "divine name, vocative position", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*yərîbay*": "participle, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - those who contend with me", "*ləḥam*": "imperative, masculine singular - fight", "*lōḥămāy*": "participle, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - those who fight with me" }, "variants": { "*rîbāh*": "contend/strive/dispute/plead", "*ləḥam*": "fight/battle against/wage war" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.35.2", "source": "הַחֲזֵ֣ק מָגֵ֣ן וְצִנָּ֑ה וְ֝ק֗וּמָה בְּעֶזְרָתִֽי׃", "text": "*Haḥăzēq* *māgēn* *wə*-*ṣinnāh* *wə*-*qûmāh* *bə*-*ʿezrātî*.", "grammar": { "*Haḥăzēq*": "imperative, masculine singular - take hold/grasp", "*māgēn*": "noun, masculine singular - shield/buckler", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṣinnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - large shield", "*qûmāh*": "imperative, masculine singular - arise/stand up", "*bə*": "preposition - in/with", "*ʿezrātî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my help" }, "variants": { "*Haḥăzēq*": "take hold/grasp/seize/strengthen", "*māgēn*": "small shield/buckler", "*ṣinnāh*": "large shield/shield that covers whole body", "*ʿezrātî*": "help/aid/assistance" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.35.3", "source": "וְהָ֘רֵ֤ק חֲנִ֣ית וּ֭סְגֹר לִקְרַ֣את רֹדְפָ֑י אֱמֹ֥ר לְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י יְֽשֻׁעָתֵ֥ךְ אָֽנִי׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hārēq* *ḥănît* *û*-*səgōr* *liqraʾt* *rōdəpāy*; *ʾĕmōr* *lə*-*napšî* *yəšuʿātēk* *ʾānî*.", "grammar": { "*Wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hārēq*": "imperative, masculine singular - draw out/empty", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*səgōr*": "imperative, masculine singular - close/shut", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition with noun - to meet/against", "*rōdəpāy*": "participle, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my pursuers", "*ʾĕmōr*": "imperative, masculine singular - say", "*lə*": "preposition - to", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*yəšuʿātēk*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person singular suffix - your salvation", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I" }, "variants": { "*hārēq*": "draw out/empty/unsheathe", "*səgōr*": "close/shut/bar the way", "*napšî*": "soul/life/self/person", "*yəšuʿātēk*": "salvation/deliverance/rescue/victory" } }
  • Ps 43:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.43.4", "source": "וְאָב֤וֹאָה ׀ אֶל־מִזְבַּ֬ח אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֶל־אֵל֮ שִׂמְחַ֢ת גִּ֫ילִ֥י וְאוֹדְךָ֥ בְכִנּ֗וֹר אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֱלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "And-*wᵊ-ʾāḇôʾâ* to-*mizbaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*ʾēl* *śimḥaṯ* *gîlî* and-*wᵊ-ʾôdᵊḵā* on-*ḵinnôr* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾĕlōhāy*", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾāḇôʾâ*": "conjunction + cohortative, 1st person singular - and let me come/enter", "*mizbaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - altar", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (used as singular) - God", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*śimḥaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - joy of", "*gîlî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my rejoicing/gladness", "*wᵊ-ʾôdᵊḵā*": "conjunction + imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will praise you", "*ḵinnôr*": "noun, masculine singular - lyre/harp", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my God" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḇôʾâ*": "let me come/let me enter", "*mizbaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*śimḥaṯ*": "joy of/gladness of", "*gîlî*": "my rejoicing/my gladness/my exultation", "*ʾôdᵊḵā*": "praise you/thank you/acknowledge you", "*ḵinnôr*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument" } }
  • Ps 89:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.26", "source": "וְשַׂמְתִּי בַיָּם יָדוֹ וּבַנְּהָרוֹת יְמִינוֹ", "text": "And-I-will-*śamtî* in-the-*yām* *yādô* and-in-the-*nᵉhārôt* *yᵉmînô*", "grammar": { "*wᵉ-śamtî*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will set", "*ba-yyām*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the sea", "*yādô*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*û-ba-nnᵉhārôt*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, feminine plural - and in the rivers", "*yᵉmînô*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his right hand" }, "variants": { "*śamtî*": "I will set/place/put", "*yām*": "sea/ocean", "*yādô*": "his hand/power", "*nᵉhārôt*": "rivers/streams", "*yᵉmînô*": "his right hand [symbol of power]" } }
  • Ps 146:3-6 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.146.3", "source": "אַל־תִּבְטְח֥וּ בִנְדִיבִ֑ים בְּבֶן־אָדָ֓ם ׀ שֶׁ֤אֵֽין ל֥וֹ תְשׁוּעָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tibṭeḥu* *bi-nedibim* *be-ben*-*ʾadam* *she-ʾeyn* *lo* *teshuʿah*", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive - do not", "*tibṭeḥu*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person plural, jussive - trust", "*bi-nedibim*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - in nobles/princes", "*be-ben*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - in son of", "*ʾadam*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/mankind/Adam", "*she-ʾeyn*": "relative pronoun + particle of negation - who has no", "*lo*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*teshuʿah*": "noun, feminine, singular - salvation/deliverance/help" }, "variants": { "*nedibim*": "nobles/princes/generous ones", "*ben-ʾadam*": "son of man/mortal/human being", "*teshuʿah*": "salvation/deliverance/help/rescue" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.146.4", "source": "תֵּצֵ֣א ר֭וּחוֹ יָשֻׁ֣ב לְאַדְמָת֑וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַ֝ה֗וּא אָבְד֥וּ עֶשְׁתֹּנֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "*tetseʾ* *ruḥo* *yashub* *le-ʾadmato* *ba-yom* *ha-huʾ* *ʾabdu* *ʿeshtonotav*", "grammar": { "*tetseʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - goes out/departs", "*ruḥo*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his breath/spirit", "*yashub*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he returns", "*le-ʾadmato*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his ground/earth/soil", "*ba-yom*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine, singular - in the day", "*ha-huʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine, singular - that", "*ʾabdu*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they perish", "*ʿeshtonotav*": "noun, feminine, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his thoughts/plans" }, "variants": { "*ruḥo*": "his breath/his spirit", "*ʾadmato*": "his ground/his earth/his soil/his dust", "*ʿeshtonotav*": "his thoughts/his plans/his schemes/his intentions" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.146.5", "source": "אַשְׁרֵ֗י שֶׁ֤אֵ֣ל יַעֲקֹ֣ב בְּעֶזְר֑וֹ שִׂ֝בְר֗וֹ עַל־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃", "text": "*ʾashrey* *she-ʾel* *Yaʿaqob* *be-ʿezro* *sibro* *ʿal*-*YHWH* *ʾelohav*", "grammar": { "*ʾashrey*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - blessed/happy", "*she-ʾel*": "relative pronoun + noun, masculine, singular construct - whose God [is]", "*Yaʿaqob*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*be-ʿezro*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - as his help", "*sibro*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hope", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾelohav*": "noun, masculine, plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his God" }, "variants": { "*ʾashrey*": "blessed/happy is/how blessed is", "*ʾel Yaʿaqob*": "God of Jacob", "*be-ʿezro*": "as his help/for his help", "*sibro*": "his hope/his expectation" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.146.6", "source": "עֹשֶׂ֤ה ׀ שָׁ֘מַ֤יִם וָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־הַיָּ֥ם וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑ם הַשֹּׁמֵ֖ר אֱמֶ֣ת לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʿoseh* *shamayim* *wa-ʾarets* *ʾet*-*ha-yam* *we-ʾet*-*kol*-*ʾasher*-*bam* *ha-shomer* *ʾemet* *le-ʿolam*", "grammar": { "*ʿoseh*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - making/maker of", "*shamayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*wa-ʾarets*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular - and earth", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-yam*": "definite article + noun, masculine, singular - the sea", "*we-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - all of", "*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*bam*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them", "*ha-shomer*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine, singular - the one keeping", "*ʾemet*": "noun, feminine, singular - truth/faithfulness", "*le-ʿolam*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - forever/for eternity" }, "variants": { "*ʿoseh*": "maker of/who makes", "*ʾemet*": "truth/faithfulness/fidelity", "*le-ʿolam*": "forever/for eternity/perpetually" } }
  • Isa 50:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.50.10", "source": "מִ֤י בָכֶם֙ יְרֵ֣א יְהוָ֔ה שֹׁמֵ֖עַ בְּק֣וֹל עַבְדּ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ הָלַ֣ךְ חֲשֵׁכִ֗ים וְאֵ֥ין נֹ֙גַהּ֙ ל֔וֹ יִבְטַח֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וְיִשָּׁעֵ֖ן בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃", "text": "Who among you *yərēʾ* *YHWH*, *šōmēaʿ* in *qôl* his *ʿaḇdô*, who has *hālaḵ* *ḥăšēḵîm* and no *nōgah* to him? Let him *yiḇṭaḥ* in *šēm* *YHWH* and let him *yiššāʿēn* in his *ʾĕlōhāyw*.", "grammar": { "*yərēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - fearing/in fear of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*šōmēaʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - hearing/listening to", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice/sound", "*ʿaḇdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*hālaḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he walked", "*ḥăšēḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - darkness/dark places", "*nōgah*": "noun, masculine singular - brightness/light", "*yiḇṭaḥ*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let him trust", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name", "*yiššāʿēn*": "niphal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let him lean/rely", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his God" }, "variants": { "*yərēʾ*": "fearing/in fear of/revering", "*šōmēaʿ*": "hearing/listening to/obeying", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/utterance", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave", "*hālaḵ*": "he walked/he went/he proceeded", "*ḥăšēḵîm*": "darkness/dark places/gloom", "*nōgah*": "brightness/light/radiance", "*yiḇṭaḥ*": "let him trust/let him rely/let him have confidence", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*yiššāʿēn*": "let him lean/let him rely/let him support himself", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "his God/his deity" } }
  • Jer 15:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.15.15", "source": "אַתָּ֧ה יָדַ֣עְתָּ יְהוָ֗ה זָכְרֵ֤נִי וּפָקְדֵ֙נִי֙ וְהִנָּ֤קֶם לִי֙ מֵרֹ֣דְפַ֔י אַל־לְאֶ֥רֶךְ אַפְּךָ֖ תִּקָּחֵ֑נִי דַּ֕ע שְׂאֵתִ֥י עָלֶ֖יךָ חֶרְפָּֽה׃", "text": "You *yādaʿtā YHWH*, *zokrēnî* and-*poqdēnî* and-*hinnāqem* for-me from-*rōdpay*; not-to-*ʾerek ʾappəkā* *tiqqāḥēnî*; know *śəʾētî* upon-you *ḥerpâ*.", "grammar": { "*yādaʿtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have known", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*zokrēnî*": "qal imperative masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - remember me", "*poqdēnî*": "qal imperative masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - visit/attend to me", "*hinnāqem*": "niphal imperative masculine singular - avenge/take vengeance", "*rōdpay*": "qal participle masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my pursuers", "*ʾerek*": "noun common masculine singular construct - length of", "*ʾappəkā*": "noun common masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your anger", "*tiqqāḥēnî*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - take me away", "*śəʾētî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my bearing/enduring", "*ḥerpâ*": "noun common feminine singular - reproach/disgrace" }, "variants": { "*zokrēnî ûpoqdēnî*": "remember me and visit me/remember me and attend to me", "*hinnāqem lî*": "avenge me/take vengeance for me", "*ʾal-lĕʾerek ʾappəkā tiqqāḥēnî*": "do not take me away in the prolonging of your anger/do not remove me through your long patience", "*daʿ śəʾētî ʿālekā ḥerpâ*": "know that I bear reproach for your sake/know that I suffer disgrace because of you" } }
  • Jer 20:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.20.11", "source": "וַֽיהוָ֤ה אוֹתִי֙ כְּגִבּ֣וֹר עָרִ֔יץ עַל־כֵּ֛ן רֹדְפַ֥י יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יֻכָ֑לוּ בֹּ֤שׁוּ מְאֹד֙ כִּֽי־לֹ֣א הִשְׂכִּ֔ילוּ כְּלִמַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכֵֽחַ׃", "text": "But *waYHWH* with me like *gibbôr* *ʿārîṣ*, therefore *rōdəpay* *yikkāšəlû* and not *yuḵālû*; *bōšû* exceedingly for not *hiśkîlû*, *kəlimmat* *ʿôlām* not *tiššāḵēaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*waYHWH*": "waw + proper noun, divine name - but the LORD", "*ʾôtî*": "direct object marker with 1st common singular suffix - with me", "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior", "*ʿārîṣ*": "adjective, masculine singular - terrifying/awesome", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore", "*rōdəpay*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my pursuers", "*yikkāšəlû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will stumble", "*yuḵālû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will prevail", "*bōšû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are ashamed", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - exceedingly/greatly", "*hiśkîlû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have succeeded/prospered", "*kəlimmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - disgrace of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever", "*tiššāḵēaḥ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be forgotten" }, "variants": { "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero", "*ʿārîṣ*": "terrifying/awesome/dreaded", "*rōdəpay*": "my pursuers/persecutors/those who chase me", "*yikkāšəlû*": "they will stumble/fall/be overthrown", "*yuḵālû*": "they will prevail/succeed/overcome", "*bōšû*": "they are ashamed/disgraced/humiliated", "*hiśkîlû*": "they have succeeded/prospered/acted wisely", "*kəlimmat ʿôlām*": "everlasting disgrace/eternal shame" } }
  • Jer 31:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.31.18", "source": "שָׁמ֣וֹעַ שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִתְנוֹדֵ֔ד יִסַּרְתַּ֙נִי֙ וָֽאִוָּסֵ֔ר כְּעֵ֖גֶל לֹ֣א לֻמָּ֑ד הֲשִׁיבֵ֣נִי וְאָשׁ֔וּבָה כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "*šāmôaʿ šāmaʿtî ʾep̄rayim mitnôḏēḏ yissartanî wā-ʾiwwāsēr kəʿēḡel lōʾ lummāḏ hăšîḇēnî wə-ʾāšûḇāh kî ʾattāh YHWH ʾĕlōhāy*.", "grammar": { "*šāmôaʿ šāmaʿtî*": "infinitive absolute + qal perfect 1st person singular - hearing I heard (emphatic)", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*mitnôḏēḏ*": "hithpael participle masculine singular - mourning/lamenting himself", "*yissartanî*": "piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person suffix - you have disciplined me", "*wā-ʾiwwāsēr*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 1st person singular - and I was disciplined", "*kəʿēḡel*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - like a calf", "*lōʾ lummāḏ*": "negative particle + pual participle masculine singular - not trained", "*hăšîḇēnî*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular + 1st person suffix - cause me to return/restore me", "*wə-ʾāšûḇāh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - and I will return", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*YHWH ʾĕlōhāy*": "divine name + noun + 1st person singular suffix - YHWH my God" }, "variants": { "*mitnôḏēḏ*": "mourning/lamenting/wandering/shaking himself", "*yissartanî*": "disciplined me/chastised me/corrected me", "*ʾiwwāsēr*": "was disciplined/was chastened/was corrected", "*lummāḏ*": "trained/taught/instructed", "*hăšîḇēnî*": "restore me/turn me back/cause me to return" } }
  • Dan 9:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.4", "source": "וָֽאֶתְפַּֽלְלָ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהַ֖י וָאֶתְוַדֶּ֑ה וָאֹֽמְרָ֗ה אָנָּ֤א אֲדֹנָי֙ הָאֵ֤ל הַגָּדוֹל֙ וְהַנּוֹרָ֔א שֹׁמֵ֤ר הַבְּרִית֙ וְֽהַחֶ֔סֶד לְאֹהֲבָ֖יו וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֺתָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wāʾeṯpallǝlāh* to *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhay* and *wāʾeṯwaddeh* and *wāʾōmǝrāh*: *ʾānnāʾ* *ʾăḏōnāy* the *ʾêl* the *gāḏôl* and the *nôrāʾ*, *šōmêr* the *bǝrîṯ* and the *ḥeseḏ* to *ʾōhăḇāyw* and to *šōmǝrê* *miṣwōṯāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾeṯpallǝlāh*": "consecutive imperfect, 1st singular, hitpael - and I prayed", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person suffix - my God", "*wāʾeṯwaddeh*": "consecutive imperfect, 1st singular, hitpael - and I confessed", "*wāʾōmǝrāh*": "consecutive imperfect, 1st singular, qal - and I said", "*ʾānnāʾ*": "interjection - please/oh", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*ʾêl*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the God", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine, singular with definite article - the great", "*nôrāʾ*": "participle, niphal, masculine, singular with definite article - the awesome/fearful", "*šōmêr*": "participle, qal, masculine, singular - keeping/preserving", "*bǝrîṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the covenant", "*ḥeseḏ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the steadfast love/mercy", "*ʾōhăḇāyw*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct with 3ms suffix - those loving him", "*šōmǝrê*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct - keepers of", "*miṣwōṯāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural with 3ms suffix - his commandments" }, "variants": { "*wāʾeṯpallǝlāh*": "and I prayed/interceded/pleaded", "*wāʾeṯwaddeh*": "and I confessed/acknowledged", "*ʾānnāʾ*": "please/I beseech you/oh", "*nôrāʾ*": "awesome/fearful/terrible/dreadful", "*ḥeseḏ*": "steadfast love/mercy/kindness/faithfulness" } }
  • Dan 9:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.19", "source": "אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ שְׁמָ֙עָה֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י ׀ סְלָ֔חָה אֲדֹנָ֛י הַֽקֲשִׁ֥יבָה וַעֲשֵׂ֖ה אַל־תְּאַחַ֑ר לְמַֽעֲנְךָ֣ אֱלֹהַ֔י כִּֽי־שִׁמְךָ֣ נִקְרָ֔א עַל־עִירְךָ֖ וְעַל־עַמֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*ʾăḏōnāy* *šəmāʿāh*, *ʾăḏōnāy* *səlāḥāh*, *ʾăḏōnāy* *haqəšîḇāh* and *waʿăśêh*; do not *təʾaḥar*, for *ləmaʿanḵā* *ʾĕlōhay*, for *šimḵā* *niqrāʾ* over *ʿîrəḵā* and over *ʿammeḵā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*šəmāʿāh*": "imperative, masculine, singular, qal with cohortative he - hear/listen", "*səlāḥāh*": "imperative, masculine, singular, qal with cohortative he - forgive", "*haqəšîḇāh*": "imperative, masculine, singular, hiphil with cohortative he - give attention", "*waʿăśêh*": "imperative, masculine, singular, qal with conjunctive vav - and do/act", "*təʾaḥar*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, piel - you delay", "*ləmaʿanḵā*": "preposition with 2ms suffix - for your sake", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1s suffix - my God", "*šimḵā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2ms suffix - your name", "*niqrāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, niphal - is called", "*ʿîrəḵā*": "noun, feminine, singular with 2ms suffix - your city", "*ʿammeḵā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2ms suffix - your people" }, "variants": { "*šəmāʿāh*": "hear/listen/pay attention", "*səlāḥāh*": "forgive/pardon", "*haqəšîḇāh*": "pay attention/listen carefully/be attentive", "*waʿăśêh*": "and do/act/accomplish", "*təʾaḥar*": "you delay/defer/tarry", "*ləmaʿanḵā*": "for your sake/on your account/because of you", "*niqrāʾ*": "is called/named/invoked" } } 20 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.20", "source": "וְע֨וֹד אֲנִ֤י מְדַבֵּר֙ וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל וּמִתְוַדֶּה֙ חַטָּאתִ֔י וְחַטַּ֖את עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמַפִּ֣יל תְּחִנָּתִ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔י עַ֖ל הַר־קֹ֥דֶשׁ אֱלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "And while still I *məḏabbêr* and *miṯpallêl* and *miṯwaddeh* *ḥaṭṭāṯî* and *ḥaṭṭaʾṯ* *ʿammî* *yiśrāʾêl* and *mappîl* *təḥinnāṯî* before *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhay* for *har*-*qōḏeš* *ʾĕlōhāy*.", "grammar": { "*məḏabbêr*": "participle, piel, masculine, singular - speaking", "*miṯpallêl*": "participle, hitpael, masculine, singular - praying", "*miṯwaddeh*": "participle, hitpael, masculine, singular - confessing", "*ḥaṭṭāṯî*": "noun, feminine, singular with 1s suffix - my sin", "*ḥaṭṭaʾṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - sin of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine, singular with 1s suffix - my people", "*yiśrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mappîl*": "participle, hiphil, masculine, singular - presenting", "*təḥinnāṯî*": "noun, feminine, singular with 1s suffix - my supplication", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1s suffix - my God", "*har*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - mountain of", "*qōḏeš*": "noun, masculine, singular - holiness", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1s suffix - my God" }, "variants": { "*məḏabbêr*": "speaking/talking", "*miṯpallêl*": "praying/interceding", "*miṯwaddeh*": "confessing/acknowledging", "*ḥaṭṭāṯî*": "my sin/error/failure", "*mappîl*": "presenting/laying down/causing to fall", "*təḥinnāṯî*": "my supplication/plea/petition", "*har*": "mountain/hill", "*qōḏeš*": "holiness/sanctuary/holy place" } }
  • Josh 14:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Joshua.14.8", "source": "וְאַחַי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָל֣וּ עִמִּ֔י הִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָעָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "And my *ʾaḥay* who *ʿālû* with me *himsîw* *ʾet*-*lēb* *hāʿām* and *ʾānōkî* *millēʾtî* after *YHWH* my *ʾĕlōhāy*.", "grammar": { "*wᵊ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾaḥay*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - my brothers", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*ʿālû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they went up", "*ʿimmî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - with me", "*himsîw*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they caused to melt/discouraged", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*hā*": "definite article - the", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*wᵊ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*millēʾtî*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st singular - I fully followed", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - my God" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḥay*": "my brothers/my companions/my fellow scouts", "*ʿālû*": "went up/ascended", "*himsîw*": "caused to melt/discouraged/made fearful", "*lēb*": "heart/courage/mind", "*millēʾtî*": "fully followed/completely obeyed/wholly pursued", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "my God/my deity" } }
  • 2 Sam 16:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.1", "source": "וְדָוִ֗ד עָבַ֤ר מְעַט֙ מֵֽהָרֹ֔אשׁ וְהִנֵּ֥ה צִיבָ֛א נַ֥עַר מְפִי־בֹ֖שֶׁת לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וְצֶ֨מֶד חֲמֹרִ֜ים חֲבֻשִׁ֗ים וַעֲלֵיהֶם֩ מָאתַ֨יִם לֶ֜חֶם וּמֵאָ֧ה צִמּוּקִ֛ים וּמֵ֥אָה קַ֖יִץ וְנֵ֥בֶל יָֽיִן׃", "text": "And *Dāwid* *ʿābar* *məʿaṭ* from *hārōʾš*, and *hinnēh* *Ṣībāʾ* *naʿar* *Məpî-bōšeṯ* to *liqrāʾṯô*, and a *ṣemed* of *ḥămōrîm* *ḥăbušîm*, and upon them two hundred *leḥem* and one hundred *ṣimmûqîm* and one hundred *qayiṣ* and a *nēbel* of *yāyin*.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, subject", "*ʿābar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - crossed/passed", "*məʿaṭ*": "adverb - a little", "*hārōʾš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the summit/top/head", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*Ṣībāʾ*": "proper noun, subject", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - servant/attendant of", "*Məpî-bōšeṯ*": "proper noun", "*liqrāʾṯô*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet him", "*ṣemed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pair/yoke", "*ḥămōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - donkeys", "*ḥăbušîm*": "passive participle, masculine plural - saddled/bound", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine - bread/food", "*ṣimmûqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - raisins/dried grapes", "*qayiṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - summer fruits/figs", "*nēbel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - skin/jar/bottle", "*yāyin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine" }, "variants": { "*ʿābar*": "passed over/crossed/transgressed", "*məʿaṭ*": "little distance/short way", "*hārōʾš*": "the summit/head/top of the hill", "*naʿar*": "servant/young man/attendant", "*liqrāʾṯô*": "to meet him/to encounter him/to come opposite him", "*ṣemed*": "pair/yoke/team", "*ḥăbušîm*": "saddled/bound/equipped", "*qayiṣ*": "summer fruits/figs/cakes of figs" } } 2 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־צִיבָ֖א מָה־אֵ֣לֶּה לָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר צִ֠יבָא הַחֲמוֹרִ֨ים לְבֵית־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לִרְכֹּ֗ב *ולהלחם **וְהַלֶּ֤חֶם וְהַקַּ֙יִץ֙ לֶאֱכ֣וֹל הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְהַיַּ֕יִן לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת הַיָּעֵ֖ף בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the *hammelek* to *Ṣîbāʾ*, \"*Mâ-ʾēlleh* to you?\" And *wayyōʾmer* *Ṣîbāʾ*, \"The *haḥămôrîm* for *bêṯ-hammelek* to *lirkōb*, and the *halleḥem* and the *haqqayiṣ* for *leʾĕkôl* the *hannəʿārîm*, and the *hayyayin* for *lištôṯ* the *hayyāʿēf* in the *midbar*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Mâ-ʾēlleh*": "interrogative + demonstrative pronoun - what are these", "*haḥămôrîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the donkeys", "*bêṯ-hammelek*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - house of the king/royal household", "*lirkōb*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to ride", "*halleḥem*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the bread/food", "*haqqayiṣ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the summer fruit", "*leʾĕkôl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*hannəʿārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the young men/servants", "*hayyayin*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the wine", "*lištôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*hayyāʿēf*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the weary/faint", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*ולהלחם/וְהַלֶּ֤חֶם*": "textual variant - either 'and to fight' or 'and the bread'", "*bêṯ-hammelek*": "king's household/royal family/royal court", "*hannəʿārîm*": "young men/servants/attendants", "*hayyāʿēf*": "the weary one/fatigued person/exhausted one", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאַיֵּ֖ה בֶּן־אֲדֹנֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר צִיבָ֜א אֶל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הִנֵּה֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר הַיּ֗וֹם יָשִׁ֤יבוּ לִי֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת מַמְלְכ֥וּת אָבִֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the *hammelek*, \"And *ʾayyēh* *ben-ʾădōneykā*?\" And *wayyōʾmer* *Ṣîbāʾ* to the *hammelek*, \"*Hinnēh* *yôšēb* in *Yərûšālaim*, because *ʾāmar*, 'Today *yāšîbû* to me *bêṯ Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾēṯ* *mamləkûṯ* *ʾābî*.'\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*ben-ʾădōneykā*": "noun construct + noun construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - son of your master", "*Ṣîbāʾ*": "proper noun", "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*yôšēb*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - sitting/dwelling/remaining", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*yāšîbû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural - they will restore/return", "*bêṯ Yiśrāʾēl*": "noun construct + proper noun - house of Israel/Israelites", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mamləkûṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of", "*ʾābî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my father" }, "variants": { "*ʾayyēh*": "where/where is", "*yôšēb*": "dwelling/sitting/staying/remaining", "*bêṯ Yiśrāʾēl*": "house of Israel/Israelite people/nation of Israel", "*mamləkûṯ*": "kingdom/kingship/royal authority" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.4", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְצִבָ֔א הִנֵּ֣ה לְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִמְפִי־בֹ֑שֶׁת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר צִיבָא֙ הִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֔יתִי אֶמְצָא־חֵ֥ן בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the *hammelek* to *Ṣîbāʾ*, \"*Hinnēh* to you, *kōl* that is to *Məpî-bōšeṯ*.\" And *wayyōʾmer* *Ṣîbāʾ*, \"*Hištaḥăwêṯî*, may I find *ḥēn* in *bəʿêneykā*, *ʾădōnî* the *hammelek*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Ṣîbāʾ*": "proper noun", "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/everything", "*Məpî-bōšeṯ*": "proper noun", "*Hištaḥăwêṯî*": "hithpael perfect, 1st person singular - I bow down/prostrate myself", "*ḥēn*": "noun, masculine singular - favor/grace", "*bəʿêneykā*": "preposition + noun dual construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your eyes", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my lord" }, "variants": { "*Hištaḥăwêṯî*": "I bow down/I prostrate myself/I pay homage", "*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/acceptance", "*bəʿêneykā*": "in your eyes/in your sight/in your opinion" } } 5 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.5", "source": "וּבָ֛א הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִ֖ד עַד־בַּֽחוּרִ֑ים וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִשָּׁם֩ אִ֨ישׁ יוֹצֵ֜א מִמִּשְׁפַּ֣חַת בֵּית־שָׁא֗וּל וּשְׁמוֹ֙ שִׁמְעִ֣י בֶן־גֵּרָ֔א יֹצֵ֥א יָצ֖וֹא וּמְקַלֵּֽל׃", "text": "And *bāʾ* the *hammelek* *Dāwid* to *Baḥûrîm*, and *hinnēh* from there an *ʾîš* *yôṣēʾ* from *mišpaḥaṯ* *bêṯ-Šāʾûl* and his *šəmô* *Šimʿî* *ben-Gērāʾ*, *yōṣēʾ yāṣôʾ* and *məqallēl*.", "grammar": { "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came/arrived", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun", "*Baḥûrîm*": "proper noun - Bahurim (place name)", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yôṣēʾ*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - coming out/going forth", "*mišpaḥaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - family/clan of", "*bêṯ-Šāʾûl*": "noun construct + proper noun - house of Saul", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*Šimʿî*": "proper noun - Shimei", "*ben-Gērāʾ*": "noun construct + proper noun - son of Gera", "*yōṣēʾ yāṣôʾ*": "qal active participle + qal infinitive absolute - continually coming out", "*məqallēl*": "piel participle, masculine singular - cursing/reviling" }, "variants": { "*yôṣēʾ*": "coming out/exiting/going forth", "*mišpaḥaṯ*": "family/clan/kinship group", "*yōṣēʾ yāṣôʾ*": "continually coming out/repeatedly going forth", "*məqallēl*": "cursing/reviling/insulting" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.6", "source": "וַיְסַקֵּ֤ל בָּֽאֲבָנִים֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וְאֶת־כָּל־עַבְדֵ֖י הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד וְכָל־הָעָם֙ וְכָל־הַגִּבֹּרִ֔ים מִימִינ֖וֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayəsaqqēl* with *hāʾăbānîm* at *Dāwid* and at all *ʿabdê* the *hammelek* *Dāwid*, and all the *hāʿām* and all the *haggibōrîm* on *mîmînô* and on *miśśəmōʾlô*.", "grammar": { "*wayəsaqqēl*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he threw stones", "*hāʾăbānîm*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the stones", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun", "*ʿabdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*haggibōrîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mighty men", "*mîmînô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - on his right", "*miśśəmōʾlô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - on his left" }, "variants": { "*wayəsaqqēl*": "threw stones/stoned/hurled stones", "*hāʾăbānîm*": "stones/rocks", "*ʿabdê*": "servants/officials/attendants", "*hāʿām*": "people/troops/followers", "*haggibōrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/valiant men" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.7", "source": "וְכֹֽה־אָמַ֥ר שִׁמְעִ֖י בְּקַֽלְל֑וֹ צֵ֥א צֵ֛א אִ֥ישׁ הַדָּמִ֖ים וְאִ֥ישׁ הַבְּלִיָּֽעַל׃", "text": "And *kōh-ʾāmar* *Šimʿî* in *bəqalləlô*, \"*Ṣēʾ ṣēʾ*, *ʾîš hadāmîm* and *ʾîš habəliyyāʿal*.\"", "grammar": { "*kōh-ʾāmar*": "adverb + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - thus said", "*Šimʿî*": "proper noun - Shimei", "*bəqalləlô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his cursing", "*Ṣēʾ ṣēʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular (repeated) - go out, go out", "*ʾîš hadāmîm*": "noun construct + definite article + noun, masculine plural - man of the bloods", "*ʾîš habəliyyāʿal*": "noun construct + definite article + noun, masculine singular - man of worthlessness" }, "variants": { "*kōh-ʾāmar*": "thus said/so said/this is what said", "*bəqalləlô*": "in his cursing/when he cursed/as he reviled", "*Ṣēʾ ṣēʾ*": "get out, get out/be gone, be gone", "*ʾîš hadāmîm*": "man of blood/bloodthirsty man/murderer", "*ʾîš habəliyyāʿal*": "worthless man/man of Belial/scoundrel/villain" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.8", "source": "הֵשִׁיב֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ יְהוָ֜ה כֹּ֣ל ׀ דְּמֵ֣י בֵית־שָׁא֗וּל אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ *תחתו **תַּחְתָּ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם בְּנֶ֑ךָ וְהִנְּךָ֙ בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ דָּמִ֖ים אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "*Hēšîb* upon you *Yəhwāh* all *dəmê* *bêṯ-Šāʾûl*, whom *mālaktā* *taḥtāw*, and *wayyittēn* *Yəhwāh* *ʾeṯ-hamməlûkāh* into *yad* *ʾAbšālôm* *bənekā*. And *hinəkā* in *bərāʿāṯekā*, because *ʾîš dāmîm* *ʾāttāh*.", "grammar": { "*Hēšîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has returned/brought back", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun - LORD", "*dəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bloods of", "*bêṯ-Šāʾûl*": "noun construct + proper noun - house of Saul", "*mālaktā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you reigned", "*taḥtāw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his place", "*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has given", "*ʾeṯ-hamməlûkāh*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the kingdom", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*bənekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*hinəkā*": "interjection + 2nd masculine singular suffix - behold you", "*bərāʿāṯekā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your evil", "*ʾîš dāmîm*": "noun construct + noun, masculine plural - man of bloods", "*ʾāttāh*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you" }, "variants": { "*Hēšîb*": "has returned/has brought back/has requited", "*dəmê*": "bloods/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*mālaktā*": "you reigned/you became king/you ruled", "*taḥtāw*": "in his place/instead of him/in his stead", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*bərāʿāṯekā*": "in your evil/in your misfortune/in your calamity", "*ʾîš dāmîm*": "man of blood/bloodthirsty man/murderer", "*תחתו/תַּחְתָּ֔יו*": "textual variant - same meaning: 'in his place'" } } 9 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן־צְרוּיָה֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֣מָּה יְקַלֵּ֞ל הַכֶּ֤לֶב הַמֵּת֙ הַזֶּ֔ה אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֖א וְאָסִ֥ירָה אֶת־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĂbîšay* *ben-Ṣərûyāh* to the *hammelek*, \"*Lāmmāh* *yəqallēl* the *hakkeleb hammēṯ* *hazzeh* *ʾeṯ-ʾădōnî* the *hammelek*? *ʾeʿbərāh-nāʾ* and *wəʾāsîrāh* *ʾeṯ-rōʾšô*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾĂbîšay*": "proper noun - Abishai", "*ben-Ṣərûyāh*": "noun construct + proper noun - son of Zeruiah", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*yəqallēl*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - should curse", "*hakkeleb hammēṯ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular + definite article + adjective - the dead dog", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*ʾeṯ-ʾădōnî*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*ʾeʿbərāh-nāʾ*": "qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular + particle of entreaty - let me cross over, please", "*wəʾāsîrāh*": "waw conjunctive + hiphil imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - and let me remove", "*ʾeṯ-rōʾšô*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head" }, "variants": { "*yəqallēl*": "curse/revile/insult", "*hakkeleb hammēṯ*": "dead dog - insulting expression for worthless person", "*ʾeʿbərāh-nāʾ*": "let me cross over/let me go over/let me pass", "*wəʾāsîrāh*": "remove/take off/cut off", "*rōʾšô*": "his head/his chief part" } } 10 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.10", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מַה־לִּ֥י וְלָכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י צְרֻיָ֑ה *כי **כֹּ֣ה יְקַלֵּ֗ל *וכי **כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ אָ֤מַר לוֹ֙ קַלֵּ֣ל אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וּמִ֣י יֹאמַ֔ר מַדּ֖וּעַ עָשִׂ֥יתָה כֵּֽן׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the *hammelek*, \"*Mah-lî* and to you, *bənê Ṣəruyāh*? *Kōh yəqallēl* because *Yəhwāh* *ʾāmar* to him, 'Curse *ʾeṯ-Dāwid*,' and who shall *yōʾmar*, '*Maddûaʿ* *ʿāśîṯāh* thus?'\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Mah-lî*": "interrogative + preposition + 1st person singular suffix - what to me", "*bənê Ṣəruyāh*": "noun, masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Zeruiah", "*Kōh yəqallēl*": "adverb + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - thus let him curse", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has said", "*ʾeṯ-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will say", "*Maddûaʿ*": "interrogative - why", "*ʿāśîṯāh*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done" }, "variants": { "*Mah-lî*": "what have I to do/what concern is it/what business", "*bənê Ṣəruyāh*": "sons of Zeruiah - referring to Joab and Abishai", "*Kōh yəqallēl*": "let him curse/so let him curse", "*Maddûaʿ*": "why/for what reason", "*כי/כֹּ֣ה*": "textual variant - either 'for/because' or 'thus/so'", "*וכי/כִּ֤י*": "textual variant - both meaning 'because/for'" } } 11 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֤ד אֶל־אֲבִישַׁי֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הִנֵּ֥ה בְנִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֥א מִמֵּעַ֖י מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאַ֨ף כִּֽי־עַתָּ֜ה בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֗י הַנִּ֤חוּ לוֹ֙ וִֽיקַלֵּ֔ל כִּ֥י אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Dāwid* to *ʾĂbîšay* and to all his *ʿăbādāw*, \"*Hinnēh* *bənî* who *yāṣāʾ* from *mimmēʿay* *məbaqqēš* *ʾeṯ-napšî*, and how much more now this *ben-hayəmînî*. *Hannîḥû* to him *wîqallēl*, because *ʾāmar-lô* *Yəhwāh*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾĂbîšay*": "proper noun - Abishai", "*ʿăbādāw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my son", "*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came out", "*mimmēʿay*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - from my bowels", "*məbaqqēš*": "piel participle, masculine singular - seeking", "*ʾeṯ-napšî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my life", "*ben-hayəmînî*": "noun construct + definite article + adjective - son of the Benjamite", "*Hannîḥû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - leave", "*wîqallēl*": "waw conjunctive + piel imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - and let him curse", "*ʾāmar-lô*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - has said to him", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun - LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbādāw*": "his servants/his officials/his attendants", "*mimmēʿay*": "from my bowels/from my own body/from my loins", "*məbaqqēš*": "seeking/trying to take/looking for", "*ʾeṯ-napšî*": "my life/my soul/myself", "*ben-hayəmînî*": "Benjamite/from the tribe of Benjamin", "*Hannîḥû*": "leave/let alone/leave undisturbed" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.12", "source": "אוּלַ֛י יִרְאֶ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה *בעוני **בְּעֵינִ֑י וְהֵשִׁ֨יב יְהוָ֥ה לִי֙ טוֹבָ֔ה תַּ֥חַת קִלְלָת֖וֹ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*ʾÛlay* *yirʾeh* *Yəhwāh* *bəʿênî* and *wəhēšîb* *Yəhwāh* to me *ṭôbāh* *taḥaṯ* *qilləlāṯô* *hayyôm* *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾÛlay*": "adverb - perhaps/maybe", "*yirʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will see/look", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bəʿênî*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - on my affliction", "*wəhēšîb*": "waw conjunctive + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will return", "*ṭôbāh*": "noun, feminine singular - good", "*taḥaṯ*": "preposition - instead of", "*qilləlāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his curse", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*ʾÛlay*": "perhaps/maybe/perchance", "*yirʾeh*": "will see/will look/will regard", "*bעוני/בְּעֵינִ֑י*": "textual variant - either 'on my affliction/iniquity' or 'on my eye/tears'", "*ṭôbāh*": "good/goodness/blessing", "*taḥaṯ*": "instead of/in place of/in return for", "*qilləlāṯô*": "his curse/his reviling/his insult" } } 13 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.13", "source": "וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ דָּוִ֛ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֖יו בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ ס וְשִׁמְעִ֡י הֹלֵךְ֩ בְּצֵ֨לַע הָהָ֜ר לְעֻמָּת֗וֹ הָלוֹךְ֙ וַיְקַלֵּ֔ל וַיְסַקֵּ֤ל בָּֽאֲבָנִים֙ לְעֻמָּת֔וֹ וְעִפַּ֖ר בֶּעָפָֽר׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyēlek* *Dāwid* and his *wăʾănāšāw* on the *dārek*, and *Šimʿî* *hōlēk* on *bəṣēlaʿ* *hāhār* opposite him, *hālôk* and *wayəqallēl* and *wayəsaqqēl* with *bāʾăbānîm* opposite him and *wəʿippar* with *beʿāpār*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wăʾănāšāw*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his men", "*dārek*": "noun, masculine singular - road/way", "*Šimʿî*": "proper noun - Shimei", "*hōlēk*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - walking/going", "*bəṣēlaʿ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - on the side of", "*hāhār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the mountain/hill", "*hālôk*": "qal infinitive absolute - walking continually", "*wayəqallēl*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cursed", "*wayəsaqqēl*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he threw stones", "*bāʾăbānîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine plural - with the stones", "*wəʿippar*": "waw conjunctive + piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and threw dust", "*beʿāpār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with dust" }, "variants": { "*ăʾănāšāw*": "his men/his followers/his associates", "*dārek*": "road/way/path", "*bəṣēlaʿ*": "on the side/on the ridge/along the slope", "*hālôk*": "continuing/keeping on/walking along", "*wəʿippar*": "threw dust/kicked up dust/flung dirt" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.14", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֖וֹ עֲיֵפִ֑ים וַיִּנָּפֵ֖שׁ שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And *wayyābōʾ* the *hammelek* and all the *hāʿām* who were with him *ʿăyēpîm*, and *wayyinnāpēš* there.", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came/arrived", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʿăyēpîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - weary/exhausted", "*wayyinnāpēš*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he refreshed himself" }, "variants": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "came/arrived/entered", "*hāʿām*": "people/troops/followers", "*ʿăyēpîm*": "weary/tired/exhausted", "*wayyinnāpēš*": "refreshed himself/recovered/was refreshed" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.15", "source": "וְאַבְשָׁל֗וֹם וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ֖אוּ יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וַאֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל אִתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *ʾAbšālôm* and all the *hāʿām*, *ʾîš Yiśrāʾēl*, *bāʾû* *Yərûšālāim*, and *ʾĂḥîṯōpel* with him.", "grammar": { "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾîš Yiśrāʾēl*": "noun construct + proper noun - men of Israel", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - came/arrived", "*Yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾĂḥîṯōpel*": "proper noun - Ahithophel" }, "variants": { "*hāʿām*": "people/troops/followers", "*ʾîš Yiśrāʾēl*": "men of Israel/Israelites/Israelite men" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.16", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞א חוּשַׁ֧י הָאַרְכִּ֛י רֵעֶ֥ה דָוִ֖ד אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר חוּשַׁי֙ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם יְחִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יְחִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when *bāʾ* *Ḥûšay* the *hāʾArkî* *rēʿeh* *Dāwid* to *ʾAbšālôm*, and *wayyōʾmer* *Ḥûšay* to *ʾAbšālôm*, \"*Yəḥî* the *hammelek*, *yəḥî* the *hammelek*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came", "*Ḥûšay*": "proper noun - Hushai", "*hāʾArkî*": "definite article + gentific adjective - the Archite", "*rēʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - friend of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*Yəḥî*": "qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - may live", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king" }, "variants": { "*rēʿeh*": "friend/companion/associate", "*Yəḥî*": "long live/may live/life to" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־חוּשַׁ֔י זֶ֥ה חַסְדְּךָ֖ אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ לָ֥מָּה לֹֽא־הָלַ֖כְתָּ אֶת־רֵעֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾAbšālôm* to *Ḥûšay*, \"*Zeh* *ḥasdəkā* *ʾeṯ-rēʿekā*? *Lāmmāh* *lōʾ-hālaktā* *ʾeṯ-rēʿekā*?\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*Ḥûšay*": "proper noun - Hushai", "*Zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥasdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your loyalty", "*ʾeṯ-rēʿekā*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your friend", "*Lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*lōʾ-hālaktā*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you did not go", "*ʾeṯ-rēʿekā*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your friend" }, "variants": { "*ḥasdəkā*": "your loyalty/your kindness/your faithfulness", "*lōʾ-hālaktā*": "you did not go/you did not follow/you did not accompany" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁי֮ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹם֒ לֹ֕א כִּי֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּחַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה וְהָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל *לא **ל֥וֹ אֶהְיֶ֖ה וְאִתּ֥וֹ אֵשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Ḥûšay* to *ʾAbšālôm*, \"*Lōʾ*, because whom *bāḥar* *Yəhwāh* and this *hāʿām* and all *ʾîš Yiśrāʾēl*, *lô* *ʾehyeh* and with him *ʾēšēb*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Ḥûšay*": "proper noun - Hushai", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*Lōʾ*": "negative particle - no", "*bāḥar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has chosen", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun - LORD", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾîš Yiśrāʾēl*": "noun construct + proper noun - men of Israel", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʾehyeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be", "*ʾēšēb*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will remain/stay" }, "variants": { "*bāḥar*": "has chosen/has selected/has elected", "*hāʿām*": "people/nation/followers", "*ʾîš Yiśrāʾēl*": "men of Israel/Israelites", "*לא/ל֥וֹ*": "textual variant - either 'not' or 'to him/his'", "*ʾēšēb*": "I will remain/I will stay/I will dwell" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.19", "source": "וְהַשֵּׁנִ֗ית לְמִי֙ אֲנִ֣י אֶֽעֱבֹ֔ד הֲל֖וֹא לִפְנֵ֣י בְנ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָבַ֙דְתִּי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ כֵּ֖ן אֶהְיֶ֥ה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ פ", "text": "And *haššēnîṯ*, whom should I *ʾeʿĕbōd*? *Hălôʾ* before *bənô*? As *ʿābadtî* before *ʾābîkā*, so *ʾehyeh* before *ləpāneykā*.", "grammar": { "*haššēnîṯ*": "definite article + ordinal adjective, feminine singular - the second", "*ʾeʿĕbōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will serve", "*Hălôʾ*": "interrogative + negative particle - is it not", "*bənô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*ʿābadtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I served", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*ʾehyeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be", "*ləpāneykā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your presence" }, "variants": { "*haššēnîṯ*": "secondly/the second thing/furthermore", "*ʾeʿĕbōd*": "I will serve/I should serve/I ought to serve", "*ləpāneykā*": "before you/in your presence/in your service" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם אֶל־אֲחִיתֹ֑פֶל הָב֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם עֵצָ֖ה מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶֽׂה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾAbšālôm* to *ʾĂḥîṯōpel*, \"*Hābû* to yourselves *ʿēṣāh*, *mah-naʿăśeh*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*ʾĂḥîṯōpel*": "proper noun - Ahithophel", "*Hābû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - give", "*ʿēṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular - counsel/advice", "*mah-naʿăśeh*": "interrogative + qal imperfect, 1st common plural - what shall we do" }, "variants": { "*Hābû*": "give/provide/furnish", "*ʿēṣāh*": "counsel/advice/plan", "*mah-naʿăśeh*": "what shall we do/what should we do/what must we do" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם בּ֚וֹא אֶל־פִּלַגְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִנִּ֖יחַ לִשְׁמ֣וֹר הַבָּ֑יִת וְשָׁמַ֤ע כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־נִבְאַ֣שְׁתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֔יךָ וְחָ֣זְק֔וּ יְדֵ֖י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĂḥîṯōpel* to *ʾAbšālôm*, \"*Bôʾ* to *pilagšê* your *ʾābîkā* whom he *hinnîaḥ* to *lišmôr* the *habbāyiṯ*, and *wəšāmaʿ* all *Yiśrāʾēl* that you *nibʾaštā* *ʾeṯ-ʾābîkā*, and *wəḥāzəqû* *yədê* all who are with you.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾĂḥîṯōpel*": "proper noun - Ahithophel", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*Bôʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*pilagšê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - concubines of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*hinnîaḥ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - left behind", "*lišmôr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to keep/guard", "*habbāyiṯ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the house", "*wəšāmaʿ*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will hear", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nibʾaštā*": "niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have made yourself odious", "*ʾeṯ-ʾābîkā*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*wəḥāzəqû*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will be strengthened", "*yədê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - hands of" }, "variants": { "*pilagšê*": "concubines/secondary wives", "*hinnîaḥ*": "left behind/left/set", "*lišmôr*": "to keep/to guard/to watch over", "*wəšāmaʿ*": "will hear/will know/will understand", "*nibʾaštā*": "made yourself odious/made yourself detestable/utterly rejected", "*wəḥāzəqû*": "will be strengthened/will become strong/will be encouraged" } } 22 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.22", "source": "וַיַּטּ֧וּ לְאַבְשָׁל֛וֹם הָאֹ֖הֶל עַל־הַגָּ֑ג וַיָּבֹ֤א אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־פִּֽלַגְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֔יו לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayyaṭṭû* for *ʾAbšālôm* the *hāʾōhel* upon the *haggāg*, and *wayyābōʾ* *ʾAbšālôm* to *pilagšê* his *ʾābîw* in *ləʿênê* all *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaṭṭû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they pitched", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*hāʾōhel*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the tent", "*haggāg*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the roof", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*pilagšê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - concubines of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ləʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - in the eyes of/sight of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wayyaṭṭû*": "they pitched/they spread/they set up", "*hāʾōhel*": "the tent/the pavilion/the canopy", "*haggāg*": "the roof/the housetop/the terrace", "*pilagšê*": "concubines/secondary wives", "*ləʿênê*": "in the sight of/before/in full view of" } } 23 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.23", "source": "וַעֲצַ֣ת אֲחִיתֹ֗פֶל אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָעַץ֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁאַל־**אִ֖ישׁ בִּדְבַ֣ר הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כֵּ֚ן כָּל־עֲצַ֣ת אֲחִיתֹ֔פֶל גַּם־לְדָוִ֖ד גַּ֥ם לְאַבְשָׁלֹֽם׃ ס", "text": "And *waʿăṣaṯ* *ʾĂḥîṯōpel* which he *yāʿaṣ* in those *bayyāmîm* was as if one *yišʾal* *ʾîš* in *bidbar* *hāʾĕlōhîm*. So was all *ʿăṣaṯ* *ʾĂḥîṯōpel* both to *Dāwid* and also to *ʾAbšālōm*.", "grammar": { "*waʿăṣaṯ*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine singular construct - and the counsel of", "*ʾĂḥîṯōpel*": "proper noun - Ahithophel", "*yāʿaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - advised/counseled", "*bayyāmîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the days", "*yišʾal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would inquire", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - a man", "*bidbar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the word of", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - God", "*ʿăṣaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - counsel of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾAbšālōm*": "proper noun - Absalom" }, "variants": { "*waʿăṣaṯ*": "counsel/advice/plan", "*yāʿaṣ*": "advised/counseled/gave advice", "*yišʾal*": "would inquire/would ask/would consult", "*bidbar*": "in the word/in the matter/by the oracle", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "God/the divine being/the deity" } }
  • Ps 3:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.3.7", "source": "לֹֽא־אִ֭ירָא מֵרִבְב֥וֹת עָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר סָ֝בִ֗יב שָׁ֣תוּ עָלָֽי׃", "text": "*lōʾ-ʾîrāʾ* from *ribəbôt* *ʿām* *ʾăšer* *sābîb* *šātû* *ʿālāy*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-ʾîrāʾ*": "negation with verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will not fear", "*ribəbôt*": "noun, feminine, plural with preposition *min* - from/of myriads/ten thousands", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular - people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around", "*šātû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have set/arranged", "*ʿālāy*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - against me" }, "variants": { "*ʾîrāʾ*": "I will fear/I will be afraid", "*ribəbôt*": "myriads/ten thousands/multitudes", "*šātû*": "they have set/they have arranged/they have positioned" } }
  • Ps 11:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.11.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָ֫וִ֥ד בַּֽיהוָ֨ה ׀ חָסִ֗יתִי אֵ֭יךְ תֹּאמְר֣וּ לְנַפְשִׁ֑י נודו נ֝֗וּדִי הַרְכֶ֥ם צִפּֽוֹר׃", "text": "To-the-*mənaṣṣēaḥ* of-*dāwid*: In-*YHWH* *ḥāsîtî*, how *tōʾmərû* to-*napšî*, *nûdî* [*nûdû*] your-mountain *ṣippôr*.", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "preposition + definite article + participle, masculine singular - to the director/choirmaster", "*dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - of/for David", "*YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - in Yahweh/LORD", "*ḥāsîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have taken refuge", "*tōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you say/will say", "*napšî*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - to my soul", "*nûdî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - flee/wander [ketiv reading]", "*nûdû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - flee/wander [qere reading]", "*ṣippôr*": "noun, feminine singular - bird/sparrow" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "director/choirmaster/conductor/chief musician", "*ḥāsîtî*": "I have taken refuge/I have sought shelter/I have trusted", "*napšî*": "my soul/my life/my self", "*nûdî/nûdû*": "flee/wander/flutter/move away", "*har*": "mountain/hill [with 2nd person masculine plural suffix]", "*ṣippôr*": "bird/sparrow" } }
  • Ps 13:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.13.3", "source": "עַד־אָ֨נָה אָשִׁ֪ית עֵצ֡וֹת בְּנַפְשִׁ֗י יָג֣וֹן בִּלְבָבִ֣י יוֹמָ֑ם עַד־אָ֓נָה ׀ יָר֖וּם אֹיְבִ֣י עָלָֽי׃", "text": "Until-when *ʾāšît* *ʿēṣôt* in-*napšî* *yāgôn* in-*ləbābî* *yômām* until-when *yārûm* *ʾōyəbî* over-me", "grammar": { "עַד־אָ֨נָה": "interrogative phrase 'until when/how long'", "*ʾāšît*": "1st person singular qal imperfect verb - I will put/place", "*ʿēṣôt*": "feminine plural noun - counsels/plans/devices", "בְּנַפְשִׁ֗י": "preposition beth ('in') with feminine singular noun ('soul') with 1st person singular suffix - in my soul", "*yāgôn*": "masculine singular noun - sorrow/grief", "בִּלְבָבִ֣י": "preposition beth ('in') with masculine singular noun ('heart') with 1st person singular suffix - in my heart", "*yômām*": "adverb - daily/by day", "*yārûm*": "3rd person masculine singular qal imperfect verb - he will be exalted/lift up", "*ʾōyəbî*": "masculine singular noun ('enemy') with 1st person singular suffix - my enemy", "עָלָֽי": "preposition עַל ('over/upon') with 1st person singular suffix - over me" }, "variants": { "*ʾāšît*": "put/place/set/arrange", "*ʿēṣôt*": "plans/counsels/advice/strategies", "*napšî*": "my soul/my self/my being/my life", "*yāgôn*": "sorrow/grief/anguish", "*ləbābî*": "my heart/mind/inner being", "*yômām*": "daily/by day/all day long", "*yārûm*": "be exalted/triumph/prevail/be lifted up" } }
  • Ps 13:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.13.5", "source": "פֶּן־יֹאמַ֣ר אֹיְבִ֣י יְכָלְתִּ֑יו צָרַ֥י יָ֝גִ֗ילוּ כִּ֣י אֶמּֽוֹט׃", "text": "Lest-*yōʾmar* *ʾōyəbî* *yəkāltîw* *ṣāray* *yāgîlû* because *ʾemmôṭ*", "grammar": { "פֶּן": "conjunction - lest/otherwise", "*yōʾmar*": "3rd person masculine singular qal imperfect verb - he will say", "*ʾōyəbî*": "masculine singular noun ('enemy') with 1st person singular suffix - my enemy", "*yəkāltîw*": "1st person singular qal perfect verb with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I have prevailed against him", "*ṣāray*": "masculine plural participle noun ('adversaries') with 1st person singular suffix - my adversaries", "*yāgîlû*": "3rd person masculine plural qal imperfect verb - they will rejoice", "כִּ֣י": "conjunction - because/when/that", "*ʾemmôṭ*": "1st person singular niphal imperfect verb - I am shaken/moved" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmar*": "say/declare/proclaim", "*yəkāltîw*": "I have prevailed against him/I have overcome him", "*ṣāray*": "my adversaries/my foes/those who afflict me", "*yāgîlû*": "rejoice/exult/be glad", "*ʾemmôṭ*": "be shaken/fall/stumble/be moved/be displaced" } }
  • Ps 17:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.17.7", "source": "הַפְלֵ֣ה חֲ֭סָדֶיךָ מוֹשִׁ֣יעַ חוֹסִ֑ים מִ֝מִּתְקוֹמְמִ֗ים בִּֽימִינֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*Haflēh* *ḥăsādeykā* *môšîa'* *ḥôsîm* *mimmitqômǝmîm* *bîmînekā*", "grammar": { "*Haflēh*": "verb, hiphil imperative, 2nd person masculine singular - make wonderful/marvelous/distinct", "*ḥăsādeykā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your lovingkindnesses", "*môšîa'*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular construct - saving/delivering", "*ḥôsîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural - those seeking refuge", "*mimmitqômǝmîm*": "preposition + verb, hithpoel participle, masculine plural - from those who rise up", "*bîmînekā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - by your right hand" }, "variants": { "*ḥăsādeykā*": "your lovingkindnesses/mercies/steadfast loves", "*ḥôsîm*": "those seeking refuge/trusting/taking shelter" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.17.8", "source": "שָׁ֭מְרֵנִי כְּאִישׁ֣וֹן בַּת־עָ֑יִן בְּצֵ֥ל כְּ֝נָפֶ֗יךָ תַּסְתִּירֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*Šāmrēnî* *kǝ'îšôn* *bat-'āyin* *bǝṣēl* *kǝnāfeykā* *tastîrēnî*", "grammar": { "*Šāmrēnî*": "verb, qal imperative, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - keep/guard/preserve me", "*kǝ'îšôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - as the apple/pupil of", "*bat-'āyin*": "noun, feminine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - daughter of eye (pupil)", "*bǝṣēl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the shadow of", "*kǝnāfeykā*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wings", "*tastîrēnî*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - you will hide me" }, "variants": { "*'îšôn*": "apple/pupil/dark center (of eye)", "*bat-'āyin*": "daughter of eye/pupil" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.17.9", "source": "מִפְּנֵ֣י רְ֭שָׁעִים ז֣וּ שַׁדּ֑וּנִי אֹיְבַ֥י בְּ֝נֶ֗פֶשׁ יַקִּ֥יפוּ עָלָֽי׃", "text": "*Mippǝnê* *rǝšā'îm* *zû* *šaddûnî* *'ōyǝbay* *bǝnefeš* *yaqqîfû* *'ālāy*", "grammar": { "*Mippǝnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from the face of", "*rǝšā'îm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*zû*": "demonstrative pronoun - this/these", "*šaddûnî*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural + 1st person singular suffix - they have devastated me", "*'ōyǝbay*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my enemies", "*bǝnefeš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in/with life/soul", "*yaqqîfû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they surround", "*'ālāy*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - against me" }, "variants": { "*šaddûnî*": "they have devastated/destroyed/oppressed me", "*bǝnefeš*": "with life/with soul/mortally/to the death" } }
  • Ps 18:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.2", "source": "וַיֹּאמַ֡ר אֶרְחָמְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה חִזְקִֽי׃", "text": "And *yomar* *erchamcha* *YHWH* *chizqi*.", "grammar": { "*yomar*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*erchamcha*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will love you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*chizqi*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my strength" }, "variants": { "*erchamcha*": "I will love you/have affection for you/show compassion to you", "*chizqi*": "my strength/my fortress/my power" } }
  • Ps 18:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.28", "source": "כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה עַם־עָנִ֣י תוֹשִׁ֑יעַ וְעֵינַ֖יִם רָמ֣וֹת תַּשְׁפִּֽיל׃", "text": "Because-*atah* *am*-*ani* *toshi'a* and *eynayim* *ramot* *tashpil*.", "grammar": { "*atah*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*am*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*ani*": "masculine singular adjective - afflicted/poor", "*toshi'a*": "hifil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will save", "*eynayim*": "feminine dual noun - eyes", "*ramot*": "feminine plural adjective - haughty/lofty", "*tashpil*": "hifil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will bring low" }, "variants": { "*am*": "people/people group/nation", "*ani*": "afflicted/poor/humble", "*toshi'a*": "you will save/you will deliver/you will help", "*ramot*": "haughty/lofty/proud", "*tashpil*": "you will bring low/you will humble/you will cast down" } }
  • Ps 25:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.25.2", "source": "אֱ‍ֽלֹהַ֗י בְּךָ֣ בָ֭טַחְתִּי אַל־אֵב֑וֹשָׁה אַל־יַֽעַלְצ֖וּ אֹיְבַ֣י לִֽי", "text": "*ʾĕlōhay* in you I *bāṭaḥtî* *ʾal-ʾēbôšāh* *ʾal-yaʿalṣû* *ʾōyĕbay* to me", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'my God'", "*bāṭaḥtî*": "verb, Qal perfect 1st person singular - 'I trust/have trusted'", "*ʾal-ʾēbôšāh*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - 'let me not be ashamed'", "*ʾal-yaʿalṣû*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'let them not exult/triumph'", "*ʾōyĕbay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'my enemies'" }, "variants": { "*bāṭaḥtî*": "I trust/I have trusted/I place my confidence", "*ʾēbôšāh*": "be ashamed/be disappointed/be confounded", "*yaʿalṣû*": "exult/rejoice/triumph" } }