John 18:28

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas to the governor's headquarters. It was early morning, and they did not enter the headquarters themselves to avoid becoming ceremonially unclean, so that they could eat the Passover.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον: ἦν δὲ πρωΐ· καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν· ἀλλʼ ἵνα φάγωσιν τὸ πάσχα.

Transliteration

Agousin oun ton Iēsoun apo tou Kaiapha eis to praitōrion: ēn de prōi; and they ouk eisēlthon eis to praitōrion, so that mē mianthōsin; but so that phagōsin to pascha.

Grammar Details

• *Agousin*: present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they lead
• *oun*: inferential particle - therefore/then
• *ton Iēsoun*: accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus
• *apo*: preposition + genitive - from
• *tou Kaiapha*: genitive, masculine, singular - Caiaphas
• *eis*: preposition + accusative - into
• *to praitōrion*: accusative, neuter, singular - the Praetorium
• *ēn*: imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - it was
• *de*: postpositive particle - and/but
• *prōi*: adverb - early morning
• *kai*: conjunction - and
• *autoi*: personal pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural - they
• *ouk*: negative particle - not
• *eisēlthon*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - entered
• *hina*: conjunction - so that
• *mē*: negative particle - not
• *mianthōsin*: aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might be defiled
• *all'*: conjunction - but
• *phagōsin*: aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might eat
• *to pascha*: accusative, neuter, singular - the Passover

Word Meanings

• *Agousin*: they lead/they bring/they take
• *oun*: therefore/then/so
• *apo*: from/away from
• *Kaiapha*: Caiaphas (personal name)
• *eis*: to/into
• *praitōrion*: Praetorium/governor's headquarters/judgment hall
• *ēn*: it was
• *de*: and/but/now
• *prōi*: early morning/dawn
• *eisēlthon*: entered/went in
• *hina*: so that/in order that
• *mianthōsin*: they might be defiled/become ceremonially unclean
• *all'*: but/rather
• *phagōsin*: they might eat/partake of
• *pascha*: Passover/Passover meal

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas to the hall of judgment, and it was early. But they themselves did not go into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled, but that they might eat the Passover.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  They{G71} lead Jesus{G2424} therefore{G3767} from{G575} Caiaphas{G2533} into{G1519} the Praetorium:{G4232} and{G1161} it was{G2258} early;{G4405} and{G2532} they{G1525} themselves{G846} entered{G1525} not{G3756} into{G1519} the Praetorium,{G4232} that they might{G2443} not{G3361} be defiled,{G3392} but{G235} might{G2443} eat{G5315} the passover.{G3957}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Then{G3767} led they{G71}{(G5719)} Jesus{G2424} from{G575} Caiaphas{G2533} unto{G1519} the hall of judgment{G4232}: and{G1161} it was{G2258}{(G5713)} early{G4405}; and{G2532} they themselves{G846} went{G1525}{(G5627)} not{G3756} into{G1519} the judgment hall{G4232}, lest{G3363} they should be defiled{G3392}{(G5686)}; but{G235} that{G2443} they might eat{G5315}{(G5632)} the passover{G3957}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Then led they Iesus fro Cayphas into the hall of iudgement. It was in the mornynge and they them selves went not into the iudgement hall lest they shuld be defyled but that they myght eate the paschall lambe.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Then led they Iesus from Caiphas in to the comon hall. And it was early in the mornynge. And they them selues wete not in to the como hall, lest they shulde be defyled, but yt they might eate ye Pascall lambe.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then led they Iesus from Caiaphas into the common hall. Nowe it was morning, & they themselues went not into the common hall, least they should be defiled, but that they might eate the Passeouer.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Then led they Iesus fro Caiaphas into the hall of iudgement. It was in the mornyng: And they them selues went not into the iudgement hall, leste they shoulde be defyled: but that they myght eate the Passouer.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  They led Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. It was early, and they themselves didn't enter into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the Passover.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  They led, therefore, Jesus from Caiaphas to the praetorium, and it was early, and they themselves did not enter into the praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but that they might eat the passover;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  They lead Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium: and it was early; and they themselves entered not into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the passover.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  They lead Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium: and it was early; and they themselves entered not into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the passover.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  So they took Jesus from the house of Caiaphas to the Praetorium. It was early. They themselves did not go into the Praetorium, so that they might not become unclean, but might take the Passover.

• World English Bible (2000)

  They led Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. It was early, and they themselves didn't enter into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the Passover.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Jesus Brought Before Pilate Then they brought Jesus from Caiaphas to the Roman governor’s residence.(Now it was very early morning.) They did not go into the governor’s residence so they would not be ceremonially defiled, but could eat the Passover meal.

Referenced Verses

• John 18:33 : 33 Then Pilate went back inside the governor’s headquarters, summoned Jesus, and asked him, 'Are you the King of the Jews?'
• John 19:9 : 9 He went back into the governor's palace and asked Jesus, "Where are you from?" But Jesus gave him no answer.
• Matt 27:27 : 27 Then the governor's soldiers took Jesus into the praetorium and gathered the whole cohort around Him.
• Acts 11:3 : 3 saying, 'You went to uncircumcised men and ate with them.'
• John 11:55 : 55 The Jewish Passover was near, and many people went up to Jerusalem from the countryside before the Passover to purify themselves.
• Acts 10:28 : 28 He said to them, 'You know it is forbidden for a Jewish man to associate with or visit a foreigner, but God has shown me that I must not call any person common or unclean.'
• Mark 15:1-5 : 1 At once, early in the morning, the chief priests, along with the elders, scribes, and the entire council, held a consultation. They bound Jesus, led Him away, and handed Him over to Pilate. 2 Pilate questioned Him, 'Are You the King of the Jews?' Jesus replied, 'You say so.' 3 The chief priests accused Him of many things, but He did not respond. 4 So Pilate questioned Him again, 'Aren’t You going to answer anything? See how many charges they’re bringing against You.' 5 But Jesus no longer answered anything, and Pilate was amazed.
• John 19:14 : 14 It was the day of Preparation for the Passover, about the sixth hour. He said to the Jews, "Here is your king!"
• Acts 3:13 : 13 The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified His servant Jesus, whom you handed over and denied before Pilate, though he had decided to release Him.
• John 18:39 : 39 'But it is your custom that I release one prisoner to you at the time of the Passover. Do you want me to release the King of the Jews?'
• Mark 15:16 : 16 The soldiers led Him away into the palace (that is, the governor’s headquarters), and they called together the whole company of soldiers.
• Luke 22:66 : 66 At daybreak, the council of the elders of the people—both the chief priests and the teachers of the law—assembled, and they led Jesus to their council chamber.
• Luke 23:1-5 : 1 Then the entire assembly arose and brought Him to Pilate. 2 They began to accuse Him, saying, 'We found this man misleading our nation, forbidding us to pay taxes to Caesar, and claiming to be Christ, a King.' 3 So Pilate asked Him, 'Are You the King of the Jews?' Jesus answered, 'You say so.' 4 Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, 'I find no guilt in this man.' 5 But they insisted, 'He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, beginning in Galilee and coming all the way here.'
• Deut 16:2 : 2 You shall sacrifice the Passover offering to the Lord your God, from your flock and herd, in the place where the Lord chooses to place His name.
• 2 Chr 30:21-24 : 21 The Israelites who were present in Jerusalem celebrated the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days with great joy, while the Levites and priests praised the LORD day after day with loud instruments dedicated to the LORD. 22 Hezekiah spoke encouragingly to all the Levites, who showed good understanding of the service to the LORD. They ate throughout the appointed seven days, offering fellowship sacrifices and giving thanks to the LORD, the God of their ancestors. 23 The whole assembly decided to celebrate the festival for another seven days, so they celebrated joyfully for seven more days. 24 Hezekiah king of Judah contributed a thousand bulls and seven thousand sheep for the assembly, and the officials provided a thousand bulls and ten thousand sheep. A large number of priests consecrated themselves.
• 2 Chr 35:8-9 : 8 His officers also contributed willingly to the people, the priests, and the Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, the officials in charge of the house of God, provided the priests with 2,600 Passover offerings and 300 cattle. 9 Conaniah, along with Shemaiah, Nethanel, his brothers, Hashabiah, Jeiel, and Jozabad, the leaders of the Levites, gave the Levites 5,000 Passover sacrifices and 500 cattle. 10 When everything was ready, the priests stood in their places, and the Levites in their divisions, according to the king's command. 11 They slaughtered the Passover lambs, and the priests sprinkled the blood handed to them, while the Levites skinned the animals. 12 They set aside the burnt offerings to be distributed to the divisions of the ancestral families of the people, to offer them to the LORD as it is written in the Book of Moses; and they did the same with the cattle. 13 They roasted the Passover lambs over the fire according to the ordinance. They boiled the sacred offerings in pots, kettles, and pans, and served them quickly to all the people. 14 Afterward, they prepared portions for themselves and the priests, because the priests, descendants of Aaron, were busy offering the burnt offerings and fat portions until nightfall. So the Levites prepared portions for themselves and the priests, the descendants of Aaron.
• 2 Chr 35:17-18 : 17 The Israelites who were present celebrated the Passover at that time, and the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days. 18 There had not been a Passover celebrated like this in Israel since the days of Samuel the prophet. None of the kings of Israel had celebrated a Passover such as Josiah did with the priests, the Levites, all Judah and Israel who were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
• Ps 35:16 : 16 Like godless mockers at a feast, they gnashed their teeth at me.
• Prov 1:16 : 16 For their feet run to evil; they hasten to shed blood.
• Prov 4:16 : 16 For they cannot rest until they do evil; they are robbed of sleep until they make someone stumble.
• Isa 1:10-15 : 10 Hear the word of the LORD, you rulers of Sodom; listen to the instruction of our God, you people of Gomorrah. 11 "What is the multitude of your sacrifices to Me?" says the LORD. "I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams and the fat of well-fed animals; I take no pleasure in the blood of bulls, lambs, or goats. 12 When you come to appear before Me, who has asked this of you, this trampling of My courts? 13 Do not bring any more meaningless offerings; your incense is detestable to Me. New Moons, Sabbaths, and the calling of assemblies—I cannot endure iniquity combined with solemn assembly. 14 Your New Moons and appointed festivals My soul hates. They have become a burden to Me; I am weary of bearing them. 15 When you spread out your hands in prayer, I will hide My eyes from you. Even though you multiply your prayers, I will not listen. Your hands are full of blood.
• Jer 7:8-9 : 8 But look, you are trusting in deceptive words that are worthless. 9 Will you steal, murder, commit adultery, swear falsely, burn incense to Baal, and follow other gods that you have not known, 10 and then come and stand before me in this house, which bears my name, and say, ‘We are safe,’ only to go on doing all these detestable things? 11 Has this house, which bears my name, become a den of robbers in your eyes? Behold, I myself have seen it,’ declares the LORD.
• Ezek 45:21 : 21 In the first month, on the fourteenth day, you are to observe the Passover as a festival. For seven days, unleavened bread is to be eaten.
• Amos 5:21-23 : 21 I hate, I despise your festivals, and I take no pleasure in your solemn assemblies. 22 Even if you bring me burnt offerings and grain offerings, I will not accept them; I will not regard your fattened peace offerings. 23 Take away from me the noise of your songs! I will not listen to the melody of your harps.
• Mic 2:1 : 1 Woe to those who devise wickedness and plan evil on their beds! At dawn, they carry it out because they have the power to do it.
• Mic 3:10-12 : 10 You build Zion with bloodshed and Jerusalem with iniquity. 11 Her leaders judge for a bribe, her priests teach for a price, and her prophets practice divination for silver. Yet they lean on the LORD, saying, 'Is not the LORD among us? No disaster will come upon us.' 12 Therefore because of you, Zion will be plowed like a field, Jerusalem will become a heap of ruins, and the mountain of the temple will become a high place overgrown with thickets.
• Matt 23:23-28 : 23 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! You tithe mint, dill, and cumin but have neglected the more important matters of the law—justice, mercy, and faithfulness. These you ought to have done without neglecting the others. 24 Blind guides! You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel. 25 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and the dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence. 26 Blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and the dish, so that the outside may also become clean. 27 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which appear beautiful on the outside but inside are full of the bones of the dead and all impurity. 28 So too, on the outside you appear righteous to people, but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness.
• Matt 27:1-9 : 1 When morning came, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put Him to death. 2 They tied Him up, led Him away, and handed Him over to Pontius Pilate, the governor. 3 Then Judas, who had betrayed Him, saw that Jesus was condemned. Feeling remorse, he returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders. 4 He said, 'I have sinned by betraying innocent blood.' But they replied, 'What is that to us? You take care of it.' 5 Then, throwing the silver pieces into the temple, he left. He went and hanged himself. 6 The chief priests picked up the silver pieces and said, 'It is not lawful to put them into the temple treasury, since it is blood money.' 7 So they consulted together and used the money to buy the potter's field as a burial place for strangers. 8 For this reason, that field has been called 'The Field of Blood' to this day. 9 Then what was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled: 'They took the thirty pieces of silver, the price set on Him by the people of Israel,' 10 'and they gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord directed me.'