Verse 17

{ "verseID": "James.1.17", "source": "Πᾶσα δόσις ἀγαθὴ καὶ πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον ἄνωθέν ἐστιν, καταβαῖνον ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρὸς τῶν φώτων, παρʼ ᾧ οὐκ ἔνι παραλλαγὴ, ἢ τροπῆς ἀποσκίασμα.", "text": "Every *dosis agathē* and every *dōrēma teleion* from *anōthen* *estin*, *katabainon* from the *Patros* of the *phōtōn*, with whom not there *eni* *parallagē*, or of *tropēs aposkiasma*.", "grammar": { "*dosis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - subject", "*agathē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - adjective modifying *dosis*", "*dōrēma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - subject", "*teleion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - adjective modifying *dōrēma*", "*anōthen*": "adverb - from above", "*estin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*katabainon*": "present, active, participle, nominative, neuter, singular - coming down", "*Patros*": "genitive, masculine, singular - source (from Father)", "*phōtōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - possessive (of lights)", "*eni*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - is in/exists", "*parallagē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - subject", "*tropēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - possessive (of shifting)", "*aposkiasma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - subject" }, "variants": { "*dosis*": "gift/giving/act of giving", "*agathē*": "good/beneficial", "*dōrēma*": "gift/present/donation", "*teleion*": "perfect/complete/mature", "*anōthen*": "from above/from heaven/from the beginning", "*katabainon*": "coming down/descending", "*Patros*": "Father/progenitor", "*phōtōn*": "lights/luminaries/sources of light", "*eni*": "is in/exists/is present", "*parallagē*": "variation/change/shifting", "*tropēs*": "turning/changing/shifting", "*aposkiasma*": "shadow/overshadowing/darkening" } }

Other Translations

• Bibeloversettelse fra KJV1611 og Textus Receptus

  Hver god gave og hver fullkomne gave er ovenfra, og kommer ned fra lysenes Far, hos ham er det ingen forandring, heller ikke skygge av vending.

• NT, oversatt fra gresk

  Hver god gave og enhver fullkommen gave kommer ovenfra, fra Lysenes Far, der det ikke finnes forandring eller skygge av forandring.

• Norsk King James

  Hver god gave og hver fullkommen gave kommer ovenfra, og kommer fra lysenes Far, hos hvem det ikke finnes endring eller skygge av endring.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Enhver god gave og enhver fullkommen gave er ovenfra, og kommer ned fra lysenes Far, som ikke forandrer seg eller skifter skyggene.

• KJV/Textus Receptus til norsk

  All god gave og all fullkommen gave er ovenfra og kommer ned fra lysenes Far, som det ikke er forandring hos, heller ikke skiftende skygge.

• Den norske oversettelsen av Det Nye Testamente

  Hver god gave og hvert fullkomment gitt kommer ovenfra, fra lysenes Far, hos hvem det ikke er forandring eller skiftende skygger.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Hver god gave og hver fullkommen gave kommer ovenfra og ned fra lysenes Far, som det ikke er forandring eller skiftende skygge hos.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Enhver god gave og enhver fullkommen gave stammer fra oven, fra lysets Far, hos hvem det ikke finnes forandring eller skyggespill.

• gpt4.5-preview

  Enhver god gave og enhver fullkommen gave kommer ovenfra, ned fra lysenes Far, hos ham er det ingen forandring eller skiftende skygge.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Enhver god gave og enhver fullkommen gave kommer ovenfra, ned fra lysenes Far, hos ham er det ingen forandring eller skiftende skygge.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Enhver god gave og enhver fullkommen gave er ovenfra og kommer ned fra lysenes Far, hos hvem det ikke er noen forandring eller skiftende skygger.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shifting shadow.

• NT, oversatt fra gresk Aug2024

  All god gave og all fullkommen gave kommer ovenfra, fra lysenes Far, hos hvem det ikke er noen forandring eller skiftende skygge.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Al god Gave og al fuldkommen Gave er ovenfra, og kommer ned fra Lysenes Fader, hos hvilken er ikke Forandring eller Skygge af Omskiftelse.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Enhver god gave og enhver fullkommen gave kommer ovenfra, fra lysenes Far, hos hvem det ikke er forandring eller skifte.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and comes down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow of turning.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  All god gave og hver fullkommen gave er ovenfra, og kommer fra lysenes Far, hos hvem det ikke er noen forandring eller skiftende skygge.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  all god gave og all fullkommen gave er ovenfra, fra himmellysenes Far, hos hvem det ikke finnes forandring eller skiftende skygge.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Enhver god gave og enhvert fullkomment gave kommer ovenfra, fra lysenes Far, hos hvem det ikke er forandring eller skiftende skygge.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Hver god og fullkommen gave er ovenfra, fra lysenes Far, som det ikke finnes forandring eller skygge av skiftende lys hos.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Every good gyfte and every parfayt gyft is from above and commeth doune fro the father of light with whom is no variablenes nether is he chaunged vnto darcknes.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Euery good gifte, & euery parfait gift, is from aboue, and cometh downe from ye father of light, with whom is no variablenes, nether is he chaunged vnto darcknes.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Euery good giuing, and euery perfect gift is from aboue, and commeth downe from the Father of lights, with whome is no variablenes, neither shadow of turning.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Euery good geuyng, and euery perfect gyft is from aboue, and cometh downe from the father of lyghtes, with who is no variablenes, neither shadow of turnyng.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom can be no variation, nor turning shadow.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  every good giving, and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the lights, with whom is no variation, or shadow of turning;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom can be no variation, neither shadow that is cast by turning.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Every good and true thing is given to us from heaven, coming from the Father of lights, with whom there is no change or any shade made by turning.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom can be no variation, nor turning shadow.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  All generous giving and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or the slightest hint of change.

Referenced Verses

• John 3:27 : 27 { "verseID": "John.3.27", "source": "Ἀπεκρίθη Ἰωάννης καὶ εἶπεν, Οὐ δύναται ἄνθρωπος λαμβάνειν οὐδέν, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "text": "*Apekrithē Iōannēs kai eipen*, Not *dunatai anthrōpos lambanein ouden*, unless *ē dedomenon autō ek tou ouranou*.", "grammar": { "*Apekrithē*": "aorist, passive, 3rd singular - answered", "*Iōannēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - John", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*eipen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - said", "*dunatai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - is able/can", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*lambanein*": "present, infinitive - to receive/take", "*ouden*": "pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - nothing", "*ē*": "present subjunctive, 3rd singular - it might be", "*dedomenon*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, neuter, singular - having been given", "*autō*": "personal pronoun, dative, masculine - to him", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven" }, "variants": { "*lambanein*": "receive/take/accept/obtain", "*dedomenon*": "given/granted/bestowed", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky [source of divine authority]" } }
• Matt 7:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Matthew.7.11", "source": "Εἰ οὖν ὑμεῖς, πονηροὶ ὄντες, οἴδατε δόματα ἀγαθὰ διδόναι τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς δώσει ἀγαθὰ τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν;", "text": "If *oun hymeis*, *ponēroi ontes*, *oidate domata agatha didonai tois teknois hymōn*, how much *mallon ho Patēr hymōn ho en tois ouranois dōsei agatha tois aitousin auton*?", "grammar": { "*Ei*": "conditional particle - if", "*oun*": "inferential conjunction - therefore/then", "*hymeis*": "nominative plural - you", "*ponēroi*": "nominative plural masculine - evil/wicked", "*ontes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - being", "*oidate*": "perfect active indicative, 2nd person plural - you know/understand", "*domata*": "accusative plural neuter - gifts", "*agatha*": "accusative plural neuter - good", "*didonai*": "present active infinitive - to give", "*tois teknois*": "dative plural neuter - to the children", "*hymōn*": "genitive plural - your", "*posō*": "dative singular neuter of degree - by how much", "*mallon*": "comparative adverb - more/rather", "*ho Patēr*": "nominative singular masculine - the Father", "*ho en tois ouranois*": "the in the heavens", "*dōsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd person singular - he will give", "*agatha*": "accusative plural neuter - good things", "*tois aitousin*": "dative plural masculine present active participle - to the ones asking", "*auton*": "accusative singular masculine - him" }, "variants": { "*ponēroi*": "evil/wicked/sinful/morally deficient", "*oidate*": "know/understand/have knowledge of", "*domata*": "gifts/presents/offerings", "*agatha*": "good things/beneficial things/excellent things", "*didonai*": "to give/to grant/to bestow", "*teknois*": "children/offspring/descendants", "*Patēr*": "Father [referring to God]", "*ouranois*": "heavens/sky/realm above earth", "*aitousin*": "asking/requesting/petitioning" } }
• Num 23:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Numbers.23.19", "source": "לֹ֣א אִ֥ישׁ אֵל֙ וִֽיכַזֵּ֔ב וּבֶן־אָדָ֖ם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם הַה֤וּא אָמַר֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֖ר וְלֹ֥א יְקִימֶֽנָּה׃", "text": "*lōʾ* *ʾîš* *ʾēl* *wî-kazēb* *û-ben*-*ʾādām* *wə-yitneḥām* *ha-hûʾ* *ʾāmar* *wə-lōʾ* *yaʿăśeh* *wə-dibber* *wə-lōʾ* *yəqîmennâ*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾēl*": "common noun, masculine singular - God", "*wî-kazēb*": "waw conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - that he should lie", "*û-ben*": "waw conjunction + common noun, masculine singular construct - nor son of", "*ʾādām*": "common noun, masculine singular - mankind", "*wə-yitneḥām*": "waw conjunction + hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - that he should repent", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - is it he", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has said", "*wə-lōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will do", "*wə-dibber*": "waw conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - or has spoken", "*wə-lōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yəqîmennâ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he will fulfill it" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/person/human", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity", "*yəkazēb*": "should lie/would lie/would be false", "*ben*-*ʾādām*": "son of man/human/mortal", "*yitneḥām*": "should repent/would change his mind/would regret", "*ʾāmar*": "has said/has spoken/has promised", "*yaʿăśeh*": "will do/will perform/will carry out", "*dibber*": "has spoken/has declared/has promised", "*yəqîmennâ*": "will fulfill it/will establish it/will make it stand" } }
• 1 John 1:5 : 5 { "verseID": "1 John.1.5", "source": "Καὶ αὕτη ἔστιν ἡ ἀγγελία ἣν ἀκηκόαμεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναγγέλλομεν ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν, καὶ σκοτία ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδεμία.", "text": "And this *estin* the *angelia* which we have *akēkoamen* from him, and *anangellomen* to you, that the *Theos* *phōs* *estin*, and *skotia* in him not *estin* not any.", "grammar": { "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*angelia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - message/announcement", "*akēkoamen*": "perfect, 1st plural, active - have heard [completed action with present relevance]", "*anangellomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we announce/declare [ongoing action]", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*skotia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - darkness", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*oudemia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - not one/none at all [emphatic negation]" }, "variants": { "*estin*": "is/exists/consists of", "*angelia*": "message/announcement/proclamation", "*akēkoamen*": "have heard/listened to/received by hearing", "*anangellomen*": "announce/declare/proclaim/report", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*phōs*": "light/illumination/radiance/truth", "*skotia*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance/evil", "*oudemia*": "none/no/not any/not at all [emphatic negation]" } }
• Mal 3:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Malachi.3.6", "source": "כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א שָׁנִ֑יתִי וְאַתֶּ֥ם בְּנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֖ב לֹ֥א כְלִיתֶֽם׃", "text": "*Ki* *ʾani* *YHWH* *loʾ* *shaniti* *we-ʾattem* *bene-Yaʿaqov* *loʾ* *khelitem*.", "grammar": { "*Ki*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾani*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*loʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*shaniti*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have changed", "*we-ʾattem*": "waw conjunction + 2nd person masculine plural pronoun - and you", "*bene-Yaʿaqov*": "noun, masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Jacob", "*loʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*khelitem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have been consumed/destroyed" }, "variants": { "*shaniti*": "changed/altered/varied", "*bene-Yaʿaqov*": "sons of Jacob/descendants of Jacob/Jacob's children", "*khelitem*": "been consumed/been destroyed/come to an end/been finished" } }
• Heb 13:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Hebrews.13.8", "source": "Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς χθὲς καὶ σήμερον ὁ αὐτός, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.", "text": "*Iēsous* *Christos* *chthes* *kai* *sēmeron* the *autos*, *kai* into the *aiōnas*.", "grammar": { "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*Christos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Christ/Anointed One", "*chthes*": "adverb - yesterday", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*sēmeron*": "adverb - today", "*autos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, adjective - same", "*aiōnas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - ages/eternities" }, "variants": { "*Christos*": "Christ/Anointed One/Messiah", "*autos*": "same/very/himself", "*aiōnas*": "ages/eternities/forever" } }
• Jas 3:17 : 17 { "verseID": "James.3.17", "source": "Ἡ δὲ ἄνωθεν σοφία πρῶτον μὲν ἁγνή ἐστιν, ἔπειτα εἰρηνική, ἐπιεικής, εὐπειθής, μεστὴ ἐλέους καὶ καρπῶν ἀγαθῶν, ἀδιάκριτος, καὶ ἀνυπόκριτος.", "text": "The *de* from *anōthen* *sophia* *prōton* *men* *hagnē* *estin*, *epeita* *eirēnikē*, *epieikēs*, *eupeithēs*, *mestē* *eleous* and *karpōn* *agathōn*, *adiakritos*, and *anypokritos*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*anōthen*": "adverb - from above", "*sophia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wisdom", "*prōton*": "adverb - first/firstly", "*men*": "particle introducing first in a series - indeed", "*hagnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - pure", "*estin*": "present indicative, active, 3rd singular - is", "*epeita*": "adverb - then/afterwards", "*eirēnikē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - peaceable", "*epieikēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - gentle/reasonable", "*eupeithēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - compliant/easily persuaded", "*mestē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - full", "*eleous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of mercy", "*karpōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of fruits", "*agathōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - good", "*adiakritos*": "nominative, feminine, singular - impartial/without partiality", "*anypokritos*": "nominative, feminine, singular - genuine/sincere" }, "variants": { "*anōthen*": "from above/from heaven/from God", "*hagnē*": "pure/chaste/holy", "*eirēnikē*": "peaceable/peaceful", "*epieikēs*": "gentle/reasonable/fair", "*eupeithēs*": "compliant/willing to yield/easily persuaded", "*eleous*": "mercy/compassion", "*karpōn*": "fruits/results/products", "*agathōn*": "good/beneficial", "*adiakritos*": "impartial/without partiality/without uncertainty", "*anypokritos*": "sincere/genuine/without hypocrisy" } }
• 1 Cor 4:7 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.4.7", "source": "Τίς γάρ σε διακρίνει; τί δὲ ἔχεις ὃ οὐκ ἔλαβες; εἰ δὲ καὶ ἔλαβες, τί καυχᾶσαι, ὡς μὴ λαβών;", "text": "*Tis gar se diakrinei*? *ti de echeis ho ouk elabes*? *ei de kai elabes*, *ti kauchasai*, as *mē labōn*?", "grammar": { "*Tis*": "interrogative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - who?", "*gar*": "conjunction - for", "*se*": "accusative, 2nd singular - you", "*diakrinei*": "present indicative, 3rd singular, active - distinguishes/makes different", "*ti*": "interrogative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - what?", "*de*": "conjunction - and/but", "*echeis*": "present indicative, 2nd singular, active - you have", "*ho*": "relative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - which", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*elabes*": "aorist indicative, 2nd singular, active - you received", "*ei de kai*": "conjunction phrase - but if indeed/and if", "*kauchasai*": "present indicative, 2nd singular, middle - you boast", "*mē labōn*": "negative particle + aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - not having received" }, "variants": { "*diakrinei*": "distinguishes/differentiates/sets apart/judges between", "*echeis*": "have/possess/hold", "*elabes*": "received/got/obtained", "*kauchasai*": "boast/glory/take pride" } }
• Luke 11:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Luke.11.13", "source": "Εἰ οὖν, ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὑπάρχοντες, οἴδατε δόματα ἀγαθὰ διδόναι τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν: πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δώσει Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν;", "text": "If *oun*, you *ponēroi* *hyparchontes*, *oidate* *domata* *agatha* *didonai* to the *teknois* of you: how much more the *Patēr* from *ouranou* *dōsei* *Pneuma* *Hagion* to the ones *aitousin* him?", "grammar": { "*oun*": "postpositive conjunction - therefore/then", "*ponēroi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - evil/wicked", "*hyparchontes*": "present participle, active, nominative, masculine, plural - being/existing", "*oidate*": "perfect indicative, active, 2nd plural - you know", "*domata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - gifts", "*agatha*": "accusative, neuter, plural - good", "*didonai*": "present infinitive, active - to give", "*teknois*": "dative, neuter, plural - children", "*Patēr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Father", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven", "*dōsei*": "future indicative, active, 3rd singular - will give", "*Pneuma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*Hagion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - Holy", "*aitousin*": "present participle, active, dative, masculine, plural - asking" }, "variants": { "*ponēroi*": "evil/wicked/bad", "*hyparchontes*": "being/existing/belonging", "*oidate*": "know/understand/comprehend", "*domata*": "gifts/presents", "*agatha*": "good/beneficial/valuable", "*didonai*": "to give/to grant/to bestow", "*teknois*": "children/offspring/descendants", "*Patēr*": "Father/progenitor", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky/celestial realm", "*dōsei*": "will give/will grant/will bestow", "*Pneuma*": "Spirit/breath/wind", "*Hagion*": "Holy/set apart/sacred", "*aitousin*": "asking/requesting" } }
• John 8:12 : 12 { "verseID": "John.8.12", "source": "¶Πάλιν οὖν ὁ Ἰησοῦς αὐτοῖς ἐλάλησεν, λέγων, Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου: ὁ ἀκολουθῶν ἐμοὶ οὐ μὴ περιπατήσει ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, ἀλλʼ ἕξει τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς.", "text": "*Palin* *oun* *Iēsous* to them *elalēsen*, *legōn*, I *eimi* the *phōs* of the *kosmou*: the one *akolouthōn* me *ou mē* *peripatēsei* in the *skotia*, but *hexei* the *phōs* of the *zōēs*.", "grammar": { "*Palin*": "adverb - again/once more", "*oun*": "inferential conjunction - therefore/then", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*elalēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - spoke", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*eimi*": "present active indicative, 1st singular - I am", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*kosmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of world", "*akolouthōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - following", "*ou mē*": "strong double negative - certainly not", "*peripatēsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will walk", "*skotia*": "dative, feminine, singular - darkness", "*hexei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will have", "*zōēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of life" }, "variants": { "*elalēsen*": "spoke/said/talked", "*phōs*": "light/illumination", "*kosmou*": "world/universe/cosmos", "*akolouthōn*": "following/accompanying/adhering to", "*peripatēsei*": "will walk/conduct oneself/live", "*skotia*": "darkness/gloom/ignorance", "*hexei*": "will have/possess/hold", "*zōēs*": "life/existence" } }
• Ps 84:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.84.11", "source": "כִּ֤י טֽוֹב־י֥וֹם בַּחֲצֵרֶ֗יךָ מֵ֫אָ֥לֶף בָּחַ֗רְתִּי הִ֭סְתּוֹפֵף בְּבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהַ֑י מִ֝דּ֗וּר בְּאָהֳלֵי־רֶֽשַׁע׃", "text": "For *ṭôb*-*yôm* in *ḥăṣêreykā* from *ʾālep* *bāḥartî* *histôpēp* in *bêt* *ʾĕlōhay* from *dûr* in *ʾohŏlê*-*rešaʿ*", "grammar": { "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'good'", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - 'day'", "*ḥăṣêreykā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix with preposition ba- - 'in your courts'", "*ʾālep*": "masculine singular noun with preposition mē- - 'than a thousand'", "*bāḥartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - 'I have chosen'", "*histôpēp*": "Hithpoel infinitive construct - 'to stand at the threshold'", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct with preposition bə- - 'in the house of'", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine plural noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my God'", "*dûr*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition min- - 'than to dwell'", "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - 'tents of'", "*rešaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - 'wickedness'" }, "variants": { "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasant/favorable", "*ḥăṣêreykā*": "your courts/your yards/your enclosures", "*bāḥartî*": "I have chosen/I have selected/I prefer", "*histôpēp*": "to stand at threshold/to be a doorkeeper/to linger at doorway", "*dûr*": "to dwell/to reside/to live", "*ʾohŏlê*": "tents/tabernacles/dwellings", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/unrighteousness" } }
• Ps 122:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.122.6", "source": "שַׁ֭אֲלוּ שְׁל֣וֹם יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם יִ֝שְׁלָ֗יוּ אֹהֲבָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*Sha'alu shalom Yerushalayim*; *yishlayu ohavayich*.", "grammar": { "*Sha'alu*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - ask/pray for", "*shalom*": "noun, masculine singular - peace/prosperity", "*Yerushalayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yishlayu*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will prosper/be secure", "*ohavayich*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - those who love you" }, "variants": { "*Sha'alu*": "ask/pray for/inquire about", "*shalom*": "peace/prosperity/welfare/completeness", "*yishlayu*": "they will prosper/be at ease/be secure" } }
• Prov 2:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Proverbs.2.6", "source": "כִּֽי־יְ֭הוָה יִתֵּ֣ן חָכְמָ֑ה מִ֝פִּ֗יו דַּ֣עַת וּתְבוּנָֽה׃", "text": "for-*YHWH* *yittēn* *ḥāḵmāh* from-*pîw* *daʿaṯ* and-*təḇûnāh*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*yittēn*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will give", "*ḥāḵmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*daʿaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge", "*təḇûnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - understanding" }, "variants": { "*yittēn*": "give/provide/bestow", "*ḥāḵmāh*": "wisdom/skill/intelligence", "*daʿaṯ*": "knowledge/understanding/perception", "*təḇûnāh*": "understanding/insight/discernment" } }
• Dan 2:21-22 : 21 { "verseID": "Daniel.2.21", "source": "וְ֠הוּא מְהַשְׁנֵ֤א עִדָּנַיָּא֙ וְזִמְנַיָּ֔א מְהַעְדֵּ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין וּמְהָקֵ֣ים מַלְכִ֑ין יָהֵ֤ב חָכְמְתָא֙ לְחַכִּימִ֔ין וּמַנְדְּעָ֖א לְיָדְעֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃", "text": "And-he *məhašnēʾ* *ʿiddānayyāʾ* and-*zimənayyāʾ*, *məhaʿdēh malkin* and-*məhāqêm malkin*; *yāhēb ḥākəmətāʾ* to-*ḥakkîmîn* and-*mandəʿāʾ* to-*yādəʿê bînāh*.", "grammar": { "*məhašnēʾ*": "verb, Pael participle, masculine singular - changes", "*ʿiddānayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, emphatic state - times/seasons", "*zimənayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, emphatic state - times/seasons", "*məhaʿdēh*": "verb, Aphel participle, masculine singular - removes", "*malkin*": "noun, masculine plural - kings", "*məhāqêm*": "verb, Aphel participle, masculine singular - establishes/sets up", "*yāhēb*": "verb, Peal participle, masculine singular - gives", "*ḥākəmətāʾ*": "noun, feminine, emphatic state - wisdom", "*ḥakkîmîn*": "noun, masculine plural - wise ones", "*mandəʿāʾ*": "noun, masculine, emphatic state - knowledge", "*yādəʿê*": "participle, masculine plural, construct state - knowers of", "*bînāh*": "noun, feminine - understanding" }, "variants": { "*məhašnēʾ*": "changes/alters", "*ʿiddānayyāʾ*": "times/seasons/epochs", "*zimənayyāʾ*": "times/appointed times/seasons", "*məhaʿdēh*": "removes/deposes", "*məhāqêm*": "establishes/sets up/installs", "*yāhēb*": "gives/grants", "*mandəʿāʾ*": "knowledge/insight", "*yādəʿê bînāh*": "those who know understanding/discerning ones" } } 22 { "verseID": "Daniel.2.22", "source": "ה֛וּא גָּלֵ֥א עַמִּיקָתָ֖א וּמְסַתְּרָתָ֑א יָדַע֙ מָ֣ה בַחֲשׁוֹכָ֔א *ונהירא **וּנְהוֹרָ֖א עִמֵּ֥הּ שְׁרֵֽא׃", "text": "He *gālēʾ* *ʿammîqātāʾ* and-*məsattərātāʾ*; *yādaʿ* what in-*ḥăšôkāʾ*, and-*nəhôrāʾ* with-him *šərēʾ*.", "grammar": { "*gālēʾ*": "verb, Pael participle, masculine singular - reveals", "*ʿammîqātāʾ*": "adjective/noun, feminine plural, emphatic state - deep things", "*məsattərātāʾ*": "verb, Pael participle, feminine plural, emphatic state - hidden things", "*yādaʿ*": "verb, Peal participle, masculine singular - knows", "*ḥăšôkāʾ*": "noun, masculine, emphatic state - darkness", "*nəhôrāʾ*": "noun, masculine, emphatic state - light", "*šərēʾ*": "verb, Peal participle, masculine singular - dwells" }, "variants": { "*gālēʾ*": "reveals/uncovers", "*ʿammîqātāʾ*": "deep things/depths", "*məsattərātāʾ*": "hidden things/secrets", "*yādaʿ*": "knows/perceives", "*ḥăšôkāʾ*": "darkness/obscurity", "*nəhôrāʾ*": "light/illumination", "*šərēʾ*": "dwells/resides/abides" } }
• John 1:9 : 9 { "verseID": "John.1.9", "source": "Ἦν τὸ Φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν, ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον.", "text": "*Ēn* the *Phōs* the *alēthinon*, which *phōtizei panta anthrōpon erchomenon* into the *kosmon*.", "grammar": { "*Ēn*": "imperfect active indicative 3rd person singular of *eimi* - was", "*Phōs*": "nominative neuter singular - Light", "*alēthinon*": "nominative neuter singular - true/genuine/real", "*phōtizei*": "present active indicative 3rd person singular of *phōtizō* - gives light to/illuminates", "*panta*": "accusative masculine singular - every", "*anthrōpon*": "accusative masculine singular - man/human", "*erchomenon*": "present middle/passive participle, accusative masculine singular or nominative neuter singular of *erchomai* - coming", "*kosmon*": "accusative masculine singular - world" }, "variants": { "*alēthinon*": "true/genuine/real/authentic", "*phōtizei*": "illuminates/enlightens/gives light to", "*erchomenon*": "coming (can modify either light or man, grammatically ambiguous)", "*kosmon*": "world/universe/ordered system" } }
• Exod 31:3-6 : 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.31.3", "source": "וָאֲמַלֵּ֥א אֹת֖וֹ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֑ים בְּחָכְמָ֛ה וּבִתְבוּנָ֥ה וּבְדַ֖עַת וּבְכָל־מְלָאכָֽה׃", "text": "And *wā-* *mālēʾ* *ʾōtô* *rûaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm* with *ḥokmâ* and with *tĕbûnâ* and with *daʿat* and with all-*məlāʾkâ*", "grammar": { "*wā-*": "conjunction with sequential imperfect - and", "*mālēʾ*": "piel imperfect 1st singular - I have filled", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/divine being", "*ḥokmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition *bə* - with wisdom", "*tĕbûnâ*": "noun, feminine singular with conjunction *wə* and preposition *bə* - and with understanding", "*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular with conjunction *wə* and preposition *bə* - and with knowledge", "*məlāʾkâ*": "noun, feminine singular with conjunction *wə*, preposition *bə*, and quantifier *kol* - and with all workmanship" }, "variants": { "*mālēʾ*": "filled/endowed/equipped", "*rûaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm*": "spirit of God/divine spirit/God's inspiration", "*ḥokmâ*": "wisdom/skill/expertise", "*tĕbûnâ*": "understanding/intelligence/insight", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/perception/skill", "*məlāʾkâ*": "workmanship/craftsmanship/work" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.31.4", "source": "לַחְשֹׁ֖ב מַחֲשָׁבֹ֑ת לַעֲשׂ֛וֹת בַּזָּהָ֥ב וּבַכֶּ֖סֶף וּבַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת׃", "text": "For *ḥāšab* *maḥăšābôt* for *ʿāśâ* with *zāhāb* and with *kesep* and with *nəḥōšet*", "grammar": { "*ḥāšab*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition *lə* - to devise/design", "*maḥăšābôt*": "noun, feminine plural - designs/plans", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition *lə* - to work/make", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition *bə* and definite article - in the gold", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular with conjunction *wə*, preposition *bə*, and definite article - and in the silver", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular with conjunction *wə*, preposition *bə*, and definite article - and in the bronze" }, "variants": { "*ḥāšab*": "devise/design/plan", "*maḥăšābôt*": "designs/artistic works/inventions", "*ʿāśâ*": "work/make/fashion", "*zāhāb*": "gold", "*kesep*": "silver", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper" } } 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.31.5", "source": "וּבַחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת אֶ֛בֶן לְמַלֹּ֖את וּבַחֲרֹ֣שֶׁת עֵ֑ץ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּכָל־מְלָאכָֽה׃", "text": "And with *ḥărōšet* *ʾeben* for *millēʾt* and with *ḥărōšet* *ʿēṣ* for *ʿāśâ* in all-*məlāʾkâ*", "grammar": { "*ḥărōšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct with conjunction *wə* and preposition *bə* - and in cutting/carving of", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone", "*millēʾt*": "piel infinitive construct with preposition *lə* - to set/inlay", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - wood", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition *lə* - to work/make", "*məlāʾkâ*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition *bə* and quantifier *kol* - in all workmanship" }, "variants": { "*ḥărōšet*": "cutting/carving/engraving", "*millēʾt*": "set/inlay/mount", "*ʿēṣ*": "wood/timber", "*ʿāśâ*": "work/make/fashion", "*məlāʾkâ*": "workmanship/craftsmanship/work" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.31.6", "source": "וַאֲנִ֞י הִנֵּ֧ה נָתַ֣תִּי אִתּ֗וֹ אֵ֣ת אָהֳלִיאָ֞ב בֶּן־אֲחִֽיסָמָךְ֙ לְמַטֵּה־דָ֔ן וּבְלֵ֥ב כָּל־חֲכַם־לֵ֖ב נָתַ֣תִּי חָכְמָ֑ה וְעָשׂ֕וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִֽךָ׃", "text": "And *wə-* *ʾănî* *hinnê* *nātan* with *ʾittô* *ʾēt* *ʾŌhŏlîʾāb* *ben*-*ʾĂḥîsāmāk* for-*maṭṭê*-*Dān* and in *lēb* all-*ḥăkam*-*lēb* *nātan* *ḥokmâ* and *wə-* *ʿāśâ* *ʾēt* all-which *ṣiwwâ*-you", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾănî*": "1st singular personal pronoun - I", "*hinnê*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have given/appointed", "*ʾittô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾŌhŏlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Oholiab", "*ben*-*ʾĂḥîsāmāk*": "noun construct + proper noun - son of Ahisamach", "*maṭṭê*-*Dān*": "noun construct + proper noun with preposition *lə* - for tribe of Dan", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct with preposition *bə* - and in heart of", "*ḥăkam*-*lēb*": "adjective construct + noun - wise of heart", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have given", "*ḥokmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with conjunction *wə* - and they shall make", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I have commanded you" }, "variants": { "*hinnê*": "behold/look/indeed", "*nātan*": "given/appointed/designated", "*ḥăkam*-*lēb*": "wise-hearted/skilled/gifted", "*ʿāśâ*": "make/create/produce" } }
• Eph 2:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ephesians.2.8", "source": "Τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσωσμένοι διὰ τῆς πίστεως· καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐξ ὑμῶν: Θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον:", "text": "For the *chariti* you are *sesōsmenoi* through the *pisteōs*; and this not from you: of *Theou* the *dōron*", "grammar": { "*chariti*": "dative singular feminine - grace/favor", "*sesōsmenoi*": "perfect passive participle, nominative plural masculine - having been saved", "*pisteōs*": "genitive singular feminine - faith/belief/trust", "*Theou*": "genitive singular masculine - God", "*dōron*": "nominative singular neuter - gift/present" }, "variants": { "*chariti*": "grace/favor/kindness", "*sesōsmenoi*": "having been saved/rescued/delivered", "*pisteōs*": "faith/belief/trust/faithfulness", "*dōron*": "gift/present/offering" } }
• Heb 1:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Hebrews.1.11", "source": "Αὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται· σὺ δὲ διαμένεις· καὶ πάντες ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται·", "text": "They *apolountai*; you *de* *diameneis*; and all as *himation* *palaiōthēsontai*;", "grammar": { "*Autoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - they", "*apolountai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd plural - will perish", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and/yet", "*diameneis*": "future active indicative, 2nd singular - will remain/continue", "*pantes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - all", "*hōs*": "comparative adverb - as/like", "*himation*": "nominative, neuter, singular - garment/cloak", "*palaiōthēsontai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd plural - will grow old/wear out" }, "variants": { "*apolountai*": "will perish/will be destroyed", "*diameneis*": "will remain/will continue/will endure", "*palaiōthēsontai*": "will grow old/will wear out/will become obsolete" } } 12 { "verseID": "Hebrews.1.12", "source": "Καὶ ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον ἑλίξεις αὐτούς, καὶ ἀλλαγήσονται: σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ, καὶ τὰ ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν.", "text": "And as *peribolaion* you will *helixeis* them, and they will *allagēsontai*: you *de* the *autos* *ei*, and the *etē* of you *ouk* *ekleipsousin*.", "grammar": { "*hōsei*": "comparative adverb - as/like/just as", "*peribolaion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - cloak/covering/mantle", "*helixeis*": "future active indicative, 2nd singular - will roll up", "*allagēsontai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd plural - will be changed", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and/yet", "*autos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - same", "*ei*": "present active indicative, 2nd singular - are", "*etē*": "nominative, neuter, plural - years", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*ekleipsousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - will fail/end" }, "variants": { "*peribolaion*": "cloak/covering/mantle/wrapper", "*helixeis*": "will roll up/will fold up", "*allagēsontai*": "will be changed/will be transformed", "*ekleipsousin*": "will fail/will end/will cease" } }
• Titus 3:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "Titus.3.3", "source": "Ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνόητοι, ἀπειθεῖς, πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις, ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες, στυγητοί, μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους.", "text": "*Ēmen gar pote* and *hēmeis anoētoi*, *apeitheis*, *planōmenoi*, *douleuontes epithymiais* and *hēdonais poikilais*, in *kakia* and *phthonō diagōntes*, *stygētoi*, *misountes allēlous*.", "grammar": { "*Ēmen*": "imperfect, 1st plural - we were", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*pote*": "adverb - once/formerly/at one time", "*hēmeis*": "nominative, 1st plural - we", "*anoētoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - foolish/senseless", "*apeitheis*": "nominative, masculine, plural - disobedient/unbelieving", "*planōmenoi*": "present passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - being deceived/going astray", "*douleuontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - serving/being slaves to", "*epithymiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - lusts/desires/passions", "*hēdonais*": "dative, feminine, plural - pleasures/enjoyments", "*poikilais*": "dative, feminine, plural - various/diverse", "*kakia*": "dative, feminine, singular - malice/evil/wickedness", "*phthonō*": "dative, masculine, singular - envy/jealousy", "*diagōntes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - living/spending [time]", "*stygētoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - hateful/detestable", "*misountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - hating", "*allēlous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - one another/each other" }, "variants": { "*anoētoi*": "foolish/senseless/unintelligent/uncomprehending", "*apeitheis*": "disobedient/unbelieving/refusing to be persuaded", "*planōmenoi*": "being deceived/going astray/wandering/being led astray", "*douleuontes*": "serving/being slaves to/being in bondage to", "*epithymiais*": "lusts/desires/passions/cravings", "*hēdonais*": "pleasures/enjoyments/gratifications", "*poikilais*": "various/diverse/manifold/of various kinds", "*kakia*": "malice/evil/wickedness/badness", "*phthonō*": "envy/jealousy/ill-will", "*diagōntes*": "living/spending [time]/passing through life", "*stygētoi*": "hateful/detestable/abhorrent/loathsome", "*misountes*": "hating/detesting" } } 4 { "verseID": "Titus.3.4", "source": "Ὅτε δὲ ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Θεοῦ,", "text": "*Hote de hē chrēstotēs* and *hē philanthrōpia epephanē tou Sōtēros hēmōn Theou*,", "grammar": { "*Hote*": "temporal conjunction - when", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and/now", "*hē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - the", "*chrēstotēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - kindness/goodness", "*hē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - the", "*philanthrōpia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - love for mankind/benevolence", "*epephanē*": "aorist passive, 3rd singular - appeared/was manifested", "*tou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the", "*Sōtēros*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Savior", "*hēmōn*": "genitive, 1st plural - our", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*chrēstotēs*": "kindness/goodness/benignity", "*philanthrōpia*": "love for mankind/benevolence/humanity", "*epephanē*": "appeared/was manifested/was revealed/shone forth", "*Sōtēros*": "Savior/Deliverer/Preserver", "*Theou*": "God/deity" } } 5 { "verseID": "Titus.3.5", "source": "Οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ὧν ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸν αὐτοῦ ἔλεον ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς, διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας, καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως Πνεύματος Ἁγίου·", "text": "Not from *ergōn* the in *dikaiosynē* which *epoiēsamen hēmeis*, but according to *ton autou eleon esōsen hēmas*, through *loutrou palingenesias*, and *anakainōseōs Pneumatos Hagiou*;", "grammar": { "Not": "negative particle - not", "from": "preposition (ἐξ) - out of/from", "*ergōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "the": "genitive, neuter, plural - the", "in": "preposition (ἐν) - in", "*dikaiosynē*": "dative, feminine, singular - righteousness", "which": "genitive, neuter, plural - which/that", "*epoiēsamen*": "aorist active, 1st plural - we did/performed", "*hēmeis*": "nominative, 1st plural - we", "but": "conjunction (ἀλλὰ) - but/yet/rather", "according to": "preposition (κατὰ) - according to/in keeping with", "*ton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him/his", "*eleon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mercy", "*esōsen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - he saved", "*hēmas*": "accusative, 1st plural - us", "through": "preposition (διὰ) - through/by means of", "*loutrou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - washing/bath", "*palingenesias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - regeneration/rebirth", "and": "conjunction (καὶ) - and", "*anakainōseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - renewal", "*Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*Hagiou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - Holy" }, "variants": { "*ergōn*": "works/deeds/actions", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice/uprightness", "*epoiēsamen*": "we did/we performed/we practiced", "*eleon*": "mercy/compassion/pity", "*esōsen*": "he saved/he rescued/he delivered", "*loutrou*": "washing/bath/cleansing", "*palingenesias*": "regeneration/rebirth/new birth", "*anakainōseōs*": "renewal/renovation/restoration", "*Pneumatos*": "Spirit/Breath", "*Hagiou*": "Holy/Set apart/Sacred" } }
• 1 John 4:10 : 10 { "verseID": "1 John.4.10", "source": "Ἐν τούτῳ ἐστὶν ἡ ἀγάπη, οὐχ ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠγαπήσαμεν τὸν Θεόν, ἀλλʼ ὅτι αὐτὸς ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἀπέστειλεν τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἱλασμὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν.", "text": "In *toutō* *estin* the *agapē*, not that *hēmeis* *ēgapēsamen* the *Theon*, but that *autos* *ēgapēsen* us, and *apesteilen* the *Huion* of him *hilasmon* concerning the *hamartiōn* of us.", "grammar": { "*toutō*": "dative, neuter, singular - this/in this", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*agapē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - love", "*hēmeis*": "nominative, plural - we", "*ēgapēsamen*": "aorist active indicative, 1st plural - we loved", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*autos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - he/himself", "*ēgapēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - he loved", "*apesteilen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - he sent", "*Huion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Son", "*hilasmon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - propitiation/atonement", "*hamartiōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of sins" }, "variants": { "*agapē*": "love/divine love/selfless love", "*ēgapēsamen*": "we loved/we showed love", "*ēgapēsen*": "he loved/he showed love", "*apesteilen*": "he sent/he dispatched/he commissioned", "*hilasmon*": "propitiation/atonement/means of forgiveness", "*hamartiōn*": "sins/failures/misses of the mark" } }
• Rev 21:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Revelation.21.23", "source": "Καὶ ἡ πόλις οὐ χρείαν ἔχει τοῦ ἡλίου, οὐδὲ τῆς σελήνης, ἵνα φαίνωσιν ἐν αὐτῇ: ἡ γὰρ δόξα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐφώτισεν αὐτήν, καὶ ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ Ἀρνίον.", "text": "And the *polis* not *chreian* *echei* of-the *hēliou*, neither of-the *selēnēs*, that they-may-*phainōsin* in her: the for *doxa* of-the *Theou* *ephōtisen* her, and the *lychnos* of-her the *Arnion*.", "grammar": { "*polis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*chreian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - need/necessity", "*echei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - has", "*hēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - sun", "*selēnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - moon", "*phainōsin*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - might shine", "*doxa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - glory/splendor", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*ephōtisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - illuminated/enlightened", "*lychnos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - lamp/light", "*Arnion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - Lamb" }, "variants": { "*polis*": "city/town", "*chreian*": "need/necessity/requirement", "*echei*": "has/holds/possesses", "*hēliou*": "sun/solar body", "*selēnēs*": "moon/lunar body", "*phainōsin*": "might shine/might appear/might give light", "*doxa*": "glory/splendor/radiance/honor", "*ephōtisen*": "illuminated/enlightened/gave light to", "*lychnos*": "lamp/light/illumination source", "*Arnion*": "Lamb (symbolic reference to Christ)" } }
• Rev 22:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Revelation.22.5", "source": "Καὶ νὺξ οὐκ ἔσται ἐκει· καὶ χρείαν οὐκ ἔχουσιν λύχνου, καὶ φωτὸς ἡλίου· ὅτι Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς φωτίζει αὐτούς: καὶ βασιλεύσουσιν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.", "text": "And *nyx* not *estai* *ekei*; and *chreian* not *echousin lychnou*, and *phōtos hēliou*; because *Kyrios* the *Theos phōtizei* them: and *basileusousin* into the *aiōnas* of the *aiōnōn*.", "grammar": { "*nyx*": "nominative, feminine, singular - night", "*estai*": "future indicative, 3rd singular - will be", "*ekei*": "adverb - there", "*chreian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - need", "*echousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - have/hold", "*lychnou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of lamp", "*phōtos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of light", "*hēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of sun", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*phōtizei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - gives light/illuminates", "*basileusousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - will reign/rule", "*aiōnas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - ages", "*aiōnōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of ages" }, "variants": { "*chreian*": "need/necessity/requirement", "*lychnou*": "lamp/light", "*phōtizei*": "gives light/illuminates/enlightens", "*basileusousin*": "will reign/rule/exercise kingship", "*aiōnas tōn aiōnōn*": "ages of ages/forever and ever/eternity" } }
• Num 11:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Numbers.11.17", "source": "וְיָרַדְתִּ֗י וְדִבַּרְתִּ֣י עִמְּךָ֮ שָׁם֒ וְאָצַלְתִּ֗י מִן־הָר֛וּחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָשְׂא֤וּ אִתְּךָ֙ בְּמַשָּׂ֣א הָעָ֔ם וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yāradtî* and *dibbartî* with-you *šām*, and *ʾāṣaltî* from-the-*rûaḥ* which upon-you and *śamtî* upon-them; and *nāśʾû* with-you in-*maśśāʾ* the-*ʿam*, and not-*tiśśāʾ* you alone.", "grammar": { "*wə-yāradtî*": "conjunction + qal perfect first person singular - and I will come down", "*dibbartî*": "piel perfect first person singular - I will speak", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾāṣaltî*": "qal perfect first person singular - I will take/separate/reserve", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit/breath/wind", "*śamtî*": "qal perfect first person singular - I will put/place", "*nāśʾû*": "qal perfect third person plural - they will bear/carry", "*maśśāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun - burden/load", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*tiśśāʾ*": "qal imperfect second person masculine singular - you will bear/carry" }, "variants": { "*ʾāṣaltî*": "take away/withdraw/separate/reserve", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind/mind", "*maśśāʾ*": "burden/load/carrying/lifting" } }
• Gen 1:2-5 : 2 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.2", "source": "וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "And the *ʾāreṣ* *hāyĕtāh* *tōhû* *wā-bōhû* and *ḥōšek* upon *pĕnê* *tĕhôm* and *rûaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *mĕraḥepet* upon *pĕnê* the *māyim*", "grammar": { "*hāyĕtāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was/became", "*tōhû*": "noun, masculine singular - formlessness/chaos", "*wā-bōhû*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and emptiness/void", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*pĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of/surface of", "*tĕhôm*": "noun, masculine singular - deep/abyss/primeval ocean", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spirit/wind/breath of", "*mĕraḥepet*": "verb, piel participle, feminine singular - hovering/moving/fluttering", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters" }, "variants": { "*hāyĕtāh*": "was/became/existed", "*tōhû*": "formlessness/chaos/waste", "*bōhû*": "emptiness/void/waste", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*tĕhôm*": "deep/abyss/primeval ocean/primordial waters", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*mĕraḥepet*": "hovering/moving/fluttering/brooding" } } 3 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י א֑וֹר וַֽיְהִי־אֽוֹר׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yĕhî* *ʾôr* and *wayĕhî* *ʾôr*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and said/spoke", "*yĕhî*": "verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let there be", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light", "*wayĕhî*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and there was" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and said/and spoke/and commanded", "*yĕhî*": "let there be/may there be", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight/illumination" } } 4 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.4", "source": "וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָא֖וֹר כִּי־ט֑וֹב וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֥ין הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyarʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-the *ʾôr* that *ṭôb* and *wayyabdēl* *ʾĕlōhîm* between the *ʾôr* and between the *ḥōšek*", "grammar": { "*wayyarʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and saw", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*wayyabdēl*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and separated/divided", "*bên*": "preposition - between" }, "variants": { "*wayyarʾ*": "and saw/and perceived/and observed", "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasant/beneficial/appropriate", "*wayyabdēl*": "and separated/and divided/and distinguished", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity" } } 5 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.5", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* to the *ʾôr* *yôm* and to the *ḥōšek* *qārāʾ* *lāylāh* and *wayĕhî* *ʿereb* and *wayĕhî* *bōqer* *yôm* *ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and called/named", "*lā-ʾôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun - to the light", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*wĕ-la-ḥōšek*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun - and to the darkness", "*qārāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - called/named", "*lāylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*ʿereb*": "noun, masculine singular - evening", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - one/first" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and called/and named/and designated", "*yôm*": "day/daytime/period of time", "*qārāʾ*": "called/named/designated", "*lāylāh*": "night/nighttime", "*ʿereb*": "evening/sunset/dusk", "*bōqer*": "morning/sunrise/dawn", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/first/single" } }
• Gen 1:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַיּ֖וֹם וּבֵ֣ין הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָי֤וּ לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמ֣וֹעֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yĕhî* *mĕʾōrōt* in *rĕqîaʿ* the *šāmayim* to *habdîl* between the *yôm* and between the *lāylāh* and *hāyû* for *ʾōtōt* and for *môʿădîm* and for *yāmîm* and *šānîm*", "grammar": { "*mĕʾōrōt*": "noun, masculine plural - lights/luminaries", "*bi-rĕqîaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in firmament of", "*lĕ-habdîl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to separate/divide", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they will be", "*lĕ-ʾōtōt*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for signs", "*û-lĕ-môʿădîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and for appointed times", "*û-lĕ-yāmîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and for days", "*wĕ-šānîm*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural - and years" }, "variants": { "*mĕʾōrōt*": "lights/luminaries/light-bearers", "*habdîl*": "to separate/to divide/to distinguish", "*ʾōtōt*": "signs/signals/markers", "*môʿădîm*": "appointed times/festivals/seasons", "*yāmîm*": "days/periods of time", "*šānîm*": "years/annual cycles" } } 15 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.15", "source": "וְהָי֤וּ לִמְאוֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהָאִ֖יר עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וֽ͏ַיְהִי־כֵֽן׃", "text": "And *hāyû* for *mĕʾôrôt* in *rĕqîaʿ* the *šāmayim* to *hāʾîr* upon the *ʾāreṣ* and *wayĕhî*-*kēn*", "grammar": { "*wĕ-hāyû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they will be", "*li-mĕʾôrôt*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for lights", "*lĕ-hāʾîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to give light" }, "variants": { "*hāʾîr*": "to give light/to illuminate/to shine" } }
• Gen 41:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Genesis.41.16", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַן יוֹסֵ֧ף אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֛ה לֵאמֹ֖ר בִּלְעָדָ֑י אֱלֹהִ֕ים יַעֲנֶ֖ה אֶת־שְׁל֥וֹם פַּרְעֹֽה", "text": "And *wa-yaʿan* *yôsēp* *ʾet-parʿōh* saying *lēʾmōr*: not of me *bilʿādāy*; *ʾĕlōhîm* will answer *yaʿăneh* *ʾet* welfare *shĕlôm* *parʿōh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yaʿan*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he answered", "*yôsēp*": "proper noun - Joseph", "*ʾet-parʿōh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Pharaoh", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bilʿādāy*": "preposition + 1cs suffix - not of me/apart from me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - God", "*yaʿăneh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will answer", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*shĕlôm*": "noun masculine singular construct - peace/welfare of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh" }, "variants": { "*bilʿādāy*": "not of me/apart from me/it is not in me", "*ʾĕlōhîm yaʿăneh ʾet-shĕlôm parʿōh*": "God will answer the welfare of Pharaoh/God will give Pharaoh a favorable answer/God will respond with Pharaoh's well-being", "*shĕlôm*": "welfare/peace/favorable answer" } }
• Deut 4:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.19", "source": "וּפֶן־תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה וְֽ֠רָאִיתָ אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֜חַ וְאֶת־הַכּֽוֹכָבִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם וַעֲבַדְתָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָלַ֜ק יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*û-pen-tiśśāʾ ʿênêkā ha-šāmaymāh wə-rāʾîtā ʾet-ha-ššemeš wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm kōl ṣəbāʾ ha-šāmayim wə-niddaḥtā wə-hištaḥăwîtā lāhem wa-ʿăbadtām ʾăšer ḥālaq YHWH ʾĕlōhêkā ʾōtām lə-kōl hā-ʿammîm taḥat kol-ha-šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*û-pen*": "conjunction + conjunction - and lest", "*tiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you lift up", "*ʿênêkā*": "common dual noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ha-šāmaymāh*": "definite article + noun + directional suffix - to the heavens", "*wə-rāʾîtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and see", "*ʾet-ha-ššemeš*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the sun", "*wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the moon", "*wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the stars", "*kōl*": "noun - all", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun - host of", "*ha-šāmayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-niddaḥtā*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and be drawn away", "*wə-hištaḥăwîtā*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and bow down", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wa-ʿăbadtām*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and serve them", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ḥālaq*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - allotted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*lə-kōl*": "preposition + noun - to all", "*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the peoples", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*kol-ha-šāmāyim*": "construct chain: noun + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the heavens" }, "variants": { "*pen*": "lest/that not/beware that not", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/raise/look up", "*ʿênêkā*": "your eyes/your sight", "*šāmaymāh*": "heavenward/toward the sky", "*rāʾîtā*": "see/observe/behold", "*šemeš*": "sun/solar body", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body", "*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*niddaḥtā*": "be drawn away/be impelled/be led astray", "*hištaḥăwîtā*": "bow down/prostrate yourself/worship", "*ʿăbadtām*": "serve them/worship them", "*ḥālaq*": "allotted/apportioned/assigned", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*taḥat*": "under/beneath" } }
• 1 Sam 15:29 : 29 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.15.29", "source": "וְגַם֙ נֵ֣צַח יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א יְשַׁקֵּ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִנָּחֵ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹ֥א אָדָ֛ם ה֖וּא לְהִנָּחֵֽם׃", "text": "And also *wᵊḡam* *nēṣaḥ* *Yiśrāʾēl* not *yᵊšaqqēr* and not *yinnāḥēm* for *kî* not *ʾāḏām* he to *lᵊhinnāḥēm*.", "grammar": { "*wᵊḡam*": "waw-conjunctive + adverb - and also", "*nēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - Strength/Glory of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yᵊšaqqēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will lie/deceive", "*yinnāḥēm*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will repent/change his mind", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/human", "*lᵊhinnāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to repent/change mind" }, "variants": { "*wᵊḡam*": "and also/moreover", "*nēṣaḥ*": "Strength/Glory/Eternal One/Victor", "*yᵊšaqqēr*": "will lie/deceive/deal falsely", "*yinnāḥēm*": "will repent/regret/change his mind", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/human being/person", "*lᵊhinnāḥēm*": "to repent/regret/change mind" } }
• 1 Chr 22:12 : 12 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.22.12", "source": "אַ֣ךְ יִֽתֶּן־לְּךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ שֵׂ֣כֶל וּבִינָ֔ה וִֽיצַוְּךָ֖ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלִשְׁמ֕וֹר אֶת־תּוֹרַ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "Only *yitten*-to you *YHWH* *śēkel* and *bînâ*, and *wîṣawwᵊkā* over-*Yiśrāʾēl*, and to keep *ʾet*-*tôrat* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā*.", "grammar": { "*yitten*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - may he give", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*śēkel*": "noun, masculine singular - discretion/understanding/wisdom", "*bînâ*": "noun, feminine singular - understanding/discernment", "*wîṣawwᵊkā*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and may he command you", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - law of", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*śēkel ûbînâ*": "discretion and understanding/wisdom and insight/intelligence and discernment", "*wîṣawwᵊkā*": "may he give you charge over/may he appoint you over/may he commission you concerning" } }
• 1 Chr 29:19 : 19 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.29.19", "source": "‫וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנִ֗י תֵּ֚ן לֵבָ֣ב שָׁלֵ֔ם לִשְׁמוֹר֙ מִצְוֺתֶ֔יךָ עֵדְוֺתֶ֖יךָ וְחֻקֶּ֑יךָ וְלַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הַכֹּ֔ל וְלִבְנ֖וֹת הַבִּירָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־הֲכִינֽוֹתִי׃ פ‬", "text": "And-to-*Šəlōmōh* *bənî* *tēn* *lēbāb* *šālēm* to-*šəmôr* your-*miṣwōtekā*, your-*ʿēdwōtekā* and-your-*ḥuqqekā*, and-to-*ʿăśôt* the-all, and-to-*libnôt* the-*bîrāh* which-*hăkînôtî*.", "grammar": { "*Šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my son", "*tēn*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - give", "*lēbāb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "*šālēm*": "adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole", "*šəmôr*": "qal infinitive construct - to keep", "*miṣwōtekā*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your commandments", "*ʿēdwōtekā*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your testimonies", "*ḥuqqekā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your statutes", "*ʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to do", "*libnôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to build", "*bîrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - palace/temple", "*hăkînôtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have prepared" }, "variants": { "*lēbāb* *šālēm*": "complete heart/whole heart/perfect heart/undivided heart", "*šəmôr*": "to keep/to observe/to guard", "*ʿăśôt*": "to do/to perform/to accomplish", "*bîrāh*": "palace/temple/fortress/capital" } }
• Ps 19:1-8 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "To-the-*mənaṣṣēaḥ* *mizmôr* to-*dāwid*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "prefixed with lamed (to/for) - noun, masculine, singular, construct - choirmaster/director", "*mizmôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - psalm/song", "*dāwid*": "prefixed with lamed (to/for) - proper noun, masculine - David" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "choirmaster/conductor/director of music/chief musician", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melodious song/musical composition", "*dāwid*": "David (proper name)" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.2", "source": "הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם מְֽסַפְּרִ֥ים כְּבֽוֹד־אֵ֑ל וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָ֝דָ֗יו מַגִּ֥יד הָרָקִֽיעַ׃", "text": "The-*šāmayim* *məsappərîm* *kəḇôd*-*ʾēl* and-*maʿăśēh* *yādāyw* *maggid* the-*rāqîaʿ*", "grammar": { "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute with definite article - heavens", "*məsappərîm*": "verb, piel participle, masculine, plural - telling/declaring/recounting", "*kəḇôd*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - glory/honor", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - God/deity", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - work/deed", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine, dual, construct with 3ms suffix - his hands", "*maggid*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine, singular - declaring/telling/proclaiming", "*rāqîaʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - firmament/expanse" }, "variants": { "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*məsappərîm*": "declare/tell/recount/proclaim", "*kəḇôd*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*ʾēl*": "God/Mighty One", "*maʿăśēh*": "work/deed/action/labor", "*yādāyw*": "his hands", "*maggid*": "declares/tells/proclaims/shows", "*rāqîaʿ*": "firmament/expanse/dome/vault (of heaven)" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.3", "source": "י֣וֹם לְ֭יוֹם יַבִּ֣יעַֽ אֹ֑מֶר וְלַ֥יְלָה לְּ֝לַ֗יְלָה יְחַוֶּה־דָּֽעַת׃", "text": "*yôm* to-*yôm* *yabbîaʿ* *ʾōmer* and-*laylāh* to-*laylāh* *yəḥawweh*-*dāʿat*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - day", "*yabbîaʿ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3ms - pours out/utters", "*ʾōmer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - speech/word/saying", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - night", "*yəḥawweh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3ms - declares/reveals", "*dāʿat*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - knowledge" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day", "*yabbîaʿ*": "pours out/utters/gushes forth/bubbles over", "*ʾōmer*": "speech/word/saying/utterance", "*laylāh*": "night", "*yəḥawweh*": "reveals/declares/shows/tells", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/wisdom" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.4", "source": "אֵֽין־אֹ֭מֶר וְאֵ֣ין דְּבָרִ֑ים בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾēyn*-*ʾōmer* and-*ʾēyn* *dəḇārîm* *bəlî* *nišmāʿ* *qôlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not/no", "*ʾōmer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - speech/saying", "*dəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - words/things", "*bəlî*": "preposition - without", "*nišmāʿ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine, singular - being heard", "*qôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3mp suffix - their voice" }, "variants": { "*ʾēyn*": "there is not/no/without", "*ʾōmer*": "speech/saying/utterance", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*bəlî*": "without/lacking", "*nišmāʿ*": "is heard/being heard", "*qôlām*": "their voice/sound" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.5", "source": "בְּכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ ׀ יָ֘צָ֤א קַוָּ֗ם וּבִקְצֵ֣ה תֵ֭בֵל מִלֵּיהֶ֑ם לַ֝שֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ שָֽׂם־אֹ֥הֶל בָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "In-all-the-*ʾāreṣ* *yāṣāʾ* *qawwām* and-in-*qəṣēh* *tēḇēl* *millêhem* to-the-*šemeš* *śām*-*ʾōhel* in-them", "grammar": { "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute with definite article - earth/land", "*yāṣāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3ms - goes out/has gone out", "*qawwām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3mp suffix - their line/measuring line", "*qəṣēh*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - end of", "*tēḇēl*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - world/inhabited world", "*millêhem*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct with 3mp suffix - their words", "*šemeš*": "noun, common, singular, absolute with definite article - sun", "*śām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3ms - placed/set", "*ʾōhel*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - tent" }, "variants": { "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*yāṣāʾ*": "goes out/proceeds/extends", "*qawwām*": "their line/cord/measuring line/sound", "*qəṣēh*": "end/extremity/border", "*tēḇēl*": "world/inhabited part/habitable land", "*millêhem*": "their words/utterances/matters", "*šemeš*": "sun", "*śām*": "set/placed/established", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/tabernacle" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.6", "source": "וְה֗וּא כְּ֭חָתָן יֹצֵ֣א מֵחֻפָּת֑וֹ יָשִׂ֥ישׂ כְּ֝גִבּ֗וֹר לָר֥וּץ אֹֽרַח׃", "text": "And-he like-*ḥātān* *yōṣēʾ* from-*ḥuppātô* *yāśîś* like-*gibbôr* to-*rûṣ* *ʾōraḥ*", "grammar": { "*ḥātān*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - bridegroom", "*yōṣēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine, singular - going out/emerging", "*ḥuppātô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3ms suffix - his canopy/chamber", "*yāśîś*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3ms - rejoices", "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - mighty man/warrior", "*rûṣ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to run", "*ʾōraḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - path/way" }, "variants": { "*ḥātān*": "bridegroom/son-in-law", "*yōṣēʾ*": "going out/coming forth/emerging", "*ḥuppātô*": "his canopy/chamber/bridal chamber", "*yāśîś*": "rejoices/is glad/exults", "*gibbôr*": "strong man/warrior/hero/champion", "*rûṣ*": "to run/dash/race", "*ʾōraḥ*": "path/way/road/journey" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.7", "source": "מִקְצֵ֤ה הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ מֽוֹצָא֗וֹ וּתְקוּפָת֥וֹ עַל־קְצוֹתָ֑ם וְאֵ֥ין נִ֝סְתָּ֗ר מֵֽחַמָּתוֹ׃", "text": "From-*qəṣēh* the-*šāmayim* *môṣāʾô* and-*təqûpātô* upon-*qəṣôtām* and-*ʾēyn* *nistār* from-*ḥammātô*", "grammar": { "*qəṣēh*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - end of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute with definite article - heavens", "*môṣāʾô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3ms suffix - his going forth/rising", "*təqûpātô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3ms suffix - his circuit/course", "*qəṣôtām*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct with 3mp suffix - their ends", "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not/no", "*nistār*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine, singular - hidden/concealed", "*ḥammātô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3ms suffix - his heat" }, "variants": { "*qəṣēh*": "end/extremity/edge", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*môṣāʾô*": "his going forth/his rising/his departure point", "*təqûpātô*": "his circuit/revolution/course/cycle", "*qəṣôtām*": "their ends/their extremities", "*ʾēyn*": "there is not/nothing", "*nistār*": "hidden/concealed/sheltered", "*ḥammātô*": "his heat/his radiance/his warmth" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.8", "source": "תּ֘וֹרַ֤ת יְהוָ֣ה תְּ֭מִימָה מְשִׁ֣יבַת נָ֑פֶשׁ עֵד֥וּת יְהוָ֥ה נֶ֝אֱמָנָ֗ה מַחְכִּ֥ימַת פֶּֽתִי׃", "text": "*tôrat* *YHWH* *təmîmāh* *məšîḇat* *nāpeš* *ʿēdût* *YHWH* *neʾĕmānāh* *maḥkîmat* *petî*", "grammar": { "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - law/instruction of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*təmîmāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - perfect/complete", "*məšîḇat*": "verb, hiphil participle, feminine, singular, construct - restoring", "*nāpeš*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - soul/life", "*ʿēdût*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - testimony of", "*neʾĕmānāh*": "verb, niphal participle, feminine, singular - sure/faithful/reliable", "*maḥkîmat*": "verb, hiphil participle, feminine, singular, construct - making wise", "*petî*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - simple/naive" }, "variants": { "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction", "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh (divine name)", "*təmîmāh*": "perfect/complete/whole/sound/unblemished", "*məšîḇat*": "restoring/refreshing/reviving", "*nāpeš*": "soul/life/person/self/mind", "*ʿēdût*": "testimony/witness/evidence", "*neʾĕmānāh*": "trustworthy/faithful/reliable/sure", "*maḥkîmat*": "making wise/imparting wisdom to", "*petî*": "simple/naive/inexperienced person" } }
• Dan 2:27-30 : 27 { "verseID": "Daniel.2.27", "source": "עָנֵ֧ה דָנִיֵּ֛אל קֳדָ֥ם מַלְכָּ֖א וְאָמַ֑ר רָזָה֙ דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֣א שָׁאֵ֔ל לָ֧א חַכִּימִ֣ין אָֽשְׁפִ֗ין חַרְטֻמִּין֙ גָּזְרִ֔ין יָכְלִ֖ין לְהַֽחֲוָיָ֥ה לְמַלְכָּֽא׃", "text": "*ʿănēh Dāniyyēʾl* before *malkāʾ wəʾāmar*: *rāzāh* that-the-*malkāʾ* *šāʾēl*, not *ḥakkîmîn*, *ʾāšəpîn*, *ḥarṭummîn*, *gāzərîn* *yākəlîn* *ləhaḥăwāyāh* to-*malkāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿănēh*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - answered", "*Dāniyyēʾl*": "proper noun, masculine - Daniel", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine, emphatic state - the king", "*wəʾāmar*": "conjunction + verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*rāzāh*": "noun, masculine, emphatic state - the mystery", "*šāʾēl*": "verb, Peal participle, masculine singular - asks", "*ḥakkîmîn*": "noun, masculine plural - wise men", "*ʾāšəpîn*": "noun, masculine plural - enchanters/conjurers", "*ḥarṭummîn*": "noun, masculine plural - magicians", "*gāzərîn*": "noun, masculine plural - astrologers/diviners", "*yākəlîn*": "verb, Peal participle, masculine plural - able", "*ləhaḥăwāyāh*": "preposition + verb, Aphel infinitive - to show/reveal" }, "variants": { "*rāzāh*": "mystery/secret", "*šāʾēl*": "asks/inquires about", "*ḥakkîmîn*": "wise men/sages", "*ʾāšəpîn*": "enchanters/conjurers/sorcerers", "*ḥarṭummîn*": "magicians/sacred scribes", "*gāzərîn*": "astrologers/diviners/determiners", "*yākəlîn*": "able/capable", "*ləhaḥăwāyāh*": "to show/to reveal/to make known" } } 28 { "verseID": "Daniel.2.28", "source": "בְּרַ֡ם אִיתַ֞י אֱלָ֤הּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא֙ גָּלֵ֣א רָזִ֔ין וְהוֹדַ֗ע לְמַלְכָּא֙ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית יוֹמַיָּ֑א חֶלְמָ֨ךְ וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשָׁ֛ךְ עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבָ֖ךְ דְּנָ֥ה הֽוּא׃", "text": "*Bəram* there-is *ʾĕlāh* in-*šəmayyāʾ* *gālēʾ rāzîn*, and-*hôdaʿ* to-*malkāʾ Nəbûkadneṣṣar* what that *lehĕwēʾ* in-*ʾaḥărîth yômayyāʾ*; *ḥelmāk* and-*ḥezwê rēʾšāk* upon-*miškəbāk* this it-is.", "grammar": { "*Bəram*": "adverb - however/but", "*ʾĕlāh*": "noun, masculine - God", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, emphatic state - the heavens", "*gālēʾ*": "verb, Pael participle, masculine singular - revealing", "*rāzîn*": "noun, masculine plural - mysteries/secrets", "*hôdaʿ*": "verb, Aphel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has made known", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine, emphatic state - the king", "*Nəbûkadneṣṣar*": "proper noun, masculine - Nebuchadnezzar", "*lehĕwēʾ*": "preposition + verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be", "*ʾaḥărîth*": "noun, feminine, construct state - end of/latter part of", "*yômayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, emphatic state - the days", "*ḥelmāk*": "noun, masculine + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your dream", "*ḥezwê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct state - visions of", "*rēʾšāk*": "noun, masculine + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your head", "*miškəbāk*": "noun, masculine + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your bed" }, "variants": { "*Bəram*": "however/but/nevertheless", "*gālēʾ*": "revealing/uncovering", "*rāzîn*": "mysteries/secrets", "*hôdaʿ*": "has made known/has revealed", "*lehĕwēʾ*": "will be/shall happen", "*ʾaḥărîth yômayyāʾ*": "latter days/end of days", "*ḥezwê rēʾšāk*": "visions of your head/mental visions", "*miškəbāk*": "your bed/couch" } } 29 { "verseID": "Daniel.2.29", "source": "אַ֣נְתְּה מַלְכָּ֗א רַעְיוֹנָךְ֙ עַל־מִשְׁכְּבָ֣ךְ סְלִ֔קוּ מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א אַחֲרֵ֣י דְנָ֑ה וְגָלֵ֧א רָזַיָּ֛א הוֹדְעָ֖ךְ מָה־דִ֥י לֶהֱוֵֽא׃", "text": "*ʾantəh malkāʾ*, *raʿyônāk* upon-*miškəbāk sĕliqû* what that *lehĕwēʾ* after *dĕnāh*; and-*gālēʾ rāzayyāʾ hôdĕʿāk* what-that *lehĕwēʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾantəh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*malkāʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*raʿyônāk*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your thoughts", "*miškəbāk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your bed", "*sĕliqû*": "3rd person plural perfect verb - they arose/came up", "*lehĕwēʾ*": "prefix form (imperfect) of verb 'to be' - will be/shall be", "*dĕnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*gālēʾ*": "masculine singular participle - revealer", "*rāzayyāʾ*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the secrets/mysteries", "*hôdĕʿāk*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect verb with 2nd person masculine singular object suffix - he made known to you" }, "variants": { "*raʿyônāk*": "your thoughts/meditations/reflections", "*sĕliqû*": "came up/arose/ascended", "*rāzayyāʾ*": "secrets/mysteries/hidden things", "*hôdĕʿāk*": "made known to you/informed you/revealed to you" } } 30 { "verseID": "Daniel.2.30", "source": "וַאֲנָ֗ה לָ֤א בְחָכְמָה֙ דִּֽי־אִיתַ֥י בִּי֙ מִן־כָּל־חַיַּיָּ֔א רָזָ֥א דְנָ֖ה גֱּלִ֣י לִ֑י לָהֵ֗ן עַל־דִּבְרַת֙ דִּ֤י פִשְׁרָא֙ לְמַלְכָּ֣א יְהוֹדְע֔וּן וְרַעְיוֹנֵ֥י לִבְבָ֖ךְ תִּנְדַּֽע׃", "text": "And-*ʾănāh* not in-*ḥokmāh* that-*ʾîtay* in-me from-all-*ḥayyayyāʾ* *rāzāʾ dĕnāh gĕlî* to-me; *lāhēn* upon-*dibrat* that *pišrāʾ* to-*malkāʾ yĕhôdĕʿûn* and-*raʿyônê libĕbāk tindaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾănāh*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ḥokmāh*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom", "*ʾîtay*": "existential particle with 1st person singular suffix - is in me/exists in me", "*ḥayyayyāʾ*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the living ones", "*rāzāʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the secret/mystery", "*dĕnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*gĕlî*": "3rd person masculine singular passive verb - was revealed", "*lāhēn*": "conjunction - but/nevertheless", "*dibrat*": "feminine singular construct noun - account/reason/cause", "*pišrāʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the interpretation", "*malkāʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*yĕhôdĕʿûn*": "3rd person masculine plural imperfect verb - they will make known", "*raʿyônê*": "masculine plural construct noun - thoughts of", "*libĕbāk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*tindaʿ*": "2nd person masculine singular imperfect verb - you will know" }, "variants": { "*ḥokmāh*": "wisdom/skill/intelligence", "*ḥayyayyāʾ*": "living ones/living beings", "*rāzāʾ dĕnāh*": "this secret/this mystery", "*gĕlî*": "was revealed/was disclosed/was made known", "*lāhēn*": "but/however/nevertheless", "*dibrat*": "purpose/reason/account", "*pišrāʾ*": "interpretation/explanation/meaning" } }