Luke 10:13

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles performed in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Οὐαί σοι, Χοραζίν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδά! ὅτι εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις, αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ καθήμεναι μετενόησαν.

Transliteration

Ouai to you, Chorazin! ouai to you, Bēthsaida! for if in Tyrō and Sidōni egenonto the dynameis, the genomenai in you, palai an in sakkō and spodō kathēmenai metenoēsan.

Grammar Details

• *Ouai*: interjection - woe/alas
• *egenonto*: aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural - had happened/occurred
• *dynameis*: nominative, feminine, plural - mighty works/miracles/powers
• *genomenai*: aorist middle participle, nominative, feminine, plural - having happened/occurred
• *palai*: adverb - long ago/formerly
• *an*: particle marking contingency - would/might
• *sakkō*: dative, masculine, singular - sackcloth
• *spodō*: dative, feminine, singular - ashes
• *kathēmenai*: present middle/passive participle, nominative, feminine, plural - sitting
• *metenoēsan*: aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - they repented/changed their minds

Word Meanings

• *Ouai*: woe/alas/grief
• *dynameis*: mighty works/miracles/powers/wonders
• *genomenai*: having happened/occurred/taken place
• *palai*: long ago/formerly/in ancient times
• *sakkō*: sackcloth/rough cloth/garment of mourning
• *spodō*: ashes/dust
• *kathēmenai*: sitting/dwelling/remaining
• *metenoēsan*: they repented/changed their minds/had a change of heart

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon, which have been done in you, they had a great while ago repented, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Woe to you, Chorazin! woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon, which have been done in you, they had a great while ago repented, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Woe{G3759} unto thee,{G4671} Chorazin!{G5523} woe{G3759} unto thee,{G4671} Bethsaida!{G966} for{G3754} if{G1487} the mighty works{G1411} had been done{G1096} in{G1722} Tyre{G5184} and{G2532} Sidon,{G4605} which were done{G1096} in{G1722} you,{G5213} they would{G302} have{G3340} repented{G3340} long ago,{G3819} sitting{G2521} in{G1722} sackcloth{G4526} and{G2532} ashes.{G4700}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Woe{G3759} unto thee{G4671}, Chorazin{G5523}! woe{G3759} unto thee{G4671}, Bethsaida{G966}! for{G3754} if{G1487} the mighty works{G1411} had been done{G1096}{(G5633)} in{G1722} Tyre{G5184} and{G2532} Sidon{G4605}, which{G3588} have been done{G1096}{(G5637)} in{G1722} you{G5213}, they had{G3340} a great while ago{G3819} repented{G3340}{(G5656)}, sitting{G2521}{(G5740)} in{G302}{G1722} sackcloth{G4526} and{G2532} ashes{G4700}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Wo be to the Chorazin: wo be to ye Bethsaida. For yf ye miracles had bene done in Tyre and Sido which have bene done in you they had a greate whyle agone repeted sitting in heere and asshes.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Wo vnto the Chorazin, wo vnto the Bethsaida: for yf the miracles which haue bene done amonge you had bene done at Tyre and Sidon, they had done pennaunce longe agoo, syttinge in sack cloth and in asshes.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Woe be to thee, Chorazin: woe be to thee, Beth-saida: for if the miracles had bene done in Tyrus and Sidon, which haue bene done in you, they had a great while agone repented, sitting in sackecloth and ashes.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Wo vnto thee Chorazin, wo vnto thee Bethsaida: For if the miracles had ben done in Tyre and Sidon, whiche haue ben done in you, they had a great whyle ago repented of their sinnes syttyng in sackecloth and asshes.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ‹Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon, which have been done in you, they had a great while ago repented, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.›

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  "Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `Wo to thee, Chorazin; wo to thee, Bethsaida; for if in Tyre and Sidon had been done the mighty works that were done in you, long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes, they had reformed;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon, which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon, which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  A curse is on you, Chorazin! A curse is on you, Beth-saida! For if such works of power had been done in Tyre and Sidon as have been done in you, they would have been turned from their sins, in days gone by, seated in the dust.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  “Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 23:1-9 : 1 This is a message concerning Tyre: Wail, you ships of Tarshish, for your harbor has been destroyed. The news has reached them from the land of Cyprus. 2 Be silent, you inhabitants of the coastland, you merchants of Sidon, whose messengers cross over the sea. 3 On the great waters came the grain of Shihor, the harvest of the Nile, its revenue; it was the marketplace of nations. 4 Be ashamed, Sidon, for the sea has spoken, the stronghold of the sea, saying, 'I have neither labored nor given birth; I have not raised young men or brought up virgins.' 5 When the news reaches Egypt, they will writhe in anguish at the report about Tyre. 6 Cross over to Tarshish; wail, you inhabitants of the coastland. 7 Is this your jubilant city, whose origins are from days long ago, whose feet carried her to settle far away? 8 Who has planned this against Tyre, the giver of crowns, whose merchants were princes, whose traders were honored in the earth? 9 The LORD of Hosts has planned it, to defile the pride of all glory, to humble all who are honored on the earth. 10 Overflow your land like the Nile, O daughter of Tarshish; there is no longer any harbor restraining you. 11 He has stretched out His hand over the sea; He has made kingdoms tremble. The LORD has commanded for Canaan to be destroyed, and her strongholds laid waste. 12 He has said, 'You will no longer rejoice, O oppressed virgin daughter of Sidon. Rise, cross over to Cyprus; even there you will find no rest.' 13 Behold the land of the Chaldeans—this is the people that was not; Assyria established it as a refuge for wild creatures. They set up its siege towers, stripped its palaces bare, and made it a ruin. 14 Wail, you ships of Tarshish, for your stronghold is destroyed. 15 On that day, Tyre will be forgotten for seventy years, the span of a king’s lifetime. At the end of seventy years, Tyre will be like the song of a prostitute. 16 Take up a harp, go about the city, you forgotten prostitute. Play skillfully, sing many songs, so that you may be remembered. 17 At the end of seventy years, the LORD will attend to Tyre. She will return to her hire and will prostitute herself to all the kingdoms of the world on the face of the earth. 18 Yet her merchandise and her hire will be consecrated to the LORD; it will not be stored or hoarded, but it will provide for those who live in the presence of the LORD—for abundant food and fine clothing.
• Ezek 26:1-28:26 : 1 In the eleventh year, on the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came to me, saying: 2 Son of man, because Tyre has said concerning Jerusalem, 'Aha! The gateway of the peoples is broken; it has turned to me. I will be filled now that she lies in ruins.' 3 Therefore, this is what the Lord GOD says: 'Behold, I am against you, Tyre, and I will bring many nations against you, like the sea bringing up its waves.' 4 They will destroy the walls of Tyre and demolish her towers. I will scrape away her soil and leave her as bare rock. 5 She will become a drying place for fishing nets in the midst of the sea, for I have spoken, declares the Lord GOD. She will become plunder for the nations. 6 Also, her villages in the countryside will be slaughtered by the sword. Then they will know that I am the LORD. 7 For this is what the Lord GOD says: 'Behold, I will bring against Tyre Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, from the north. He is a king of kings, with horses, chariots, horsemen, a great assembly, and a large army.' 8 'Your villages in the countryside will be killed by the sword, and he will build siege walls against you, raise a siege ramp against you, and set up a shield wall against you.' 9 'He will direct the blows of his battering rams against your walls, and he will demolish your towers with his weapons.' 10 'The dust from his many horses will cover you. The noise of the horsemen, the wheels, and the chariots will make your walls shake when he enters your gates like warriors entering a breached city.' 11 'With the hooves of his horses, he will trample all your streets. He will kill your people with the sword, and your mighty pillars will collapse to the ground.' 12 'They will plunder your wealth and loot your merchandise. They will break down your walls and destroy your luxurious homes. They will throw your stones, timber, and rubble into the sea.' 13 'I will silence the noise of your songs, and the sound of your harps will no longer be heard.' 14 'I will make you a bare rock, a place for spreading fishing nets. You will never be rebuilt, for I, the LORD, have spoken, declares the Lord GOD.' 15 This is what the Lord GOD says to Tyre: 'Won't the coastlands tremble at the sound of your downfall, when the wounded groan and slaughter takes place within you?' 16 Then all the princes of the sea will step down from their thrones. They will remove their robes and strip off their embroidered garments. Clothed in trembling, they will sit on the ground, shuddering continually, appalled at you. 17 They will take up a lament over you and say to you: 'How you have perished, you who were inhabited by people of the seas, the renowned city, strong in the sea, she and her inhabitants, who spread terror among all who lived there.' 18 Now the coastlands tremble on the day of your fall; the islands in the sea are dismayed by your demise. 19 For this is what the Lord GOD says: 'When I make you a desolate city, like cities that are no longer inhabited, and when I bring the deep over you and the mighty waters cover you,' 20 'then I will bring you down with those who descend to the pit, to the people of old. I will make you dwell in the lower parts of the earth, among the ruins of antiquity, along with those who go down to the pit, so that you will not be lived in again. And I will display my glory in the land of the living.' 21 'I will bring you to a horrible end and you will no longer exist. Though you are sought, you will never be found again,' declares the Lord GOD. 1 The word of the Lord came to me, saying: 2 Now you, son of man, raise a lamentation over Tyre, 3 and say to Tyre, situated at the gateways of the sea, a merchant of peoples to many coastlands: 'Thus says the Lord God: Tyre, you have declared, "I am perfect in beauty."' 4 Your borders are in the heart of the seas; your builders have perfected your beauty. 5 They made all your planks from cypress trees from Senir; they took cedar from Lebanon to make a mast for you. 6 They crafted your oars from oaks of Bashan; they made your deck of inlaid ivory from boxwood from the coastlands of Cyprus. 7 Fine embroidered linen from Egypt was your sail, serving as your banner; blue and purple fabric from the coastlands of Elishah was your covering. 8 The inhabitants of Sidon and Arvad were your rowers; your skilled men, O Tyre, were aboard; they served as your sailors. 9 The elders of Gebal and its skilled workers repaired your leaks; all the ships of the sea and their sailors came to deal in your trade. 10 Men of Persia, Lydia, and Put served as warriors in your army; they hung their shields and helmets in you, enhancing your splendor. 11 The men of Arvad and your army stood on your walls all around, and valiant men were in your towers. They hung their shields on your walls all around; they brought your beauty to perfection. 12 Tarshish traded with you because of your great wealth of goods, exchanging silver, iron, tin, and lead for your wares. 13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech traded with you; they exchanged human lives and bronze articles for your merchandise. 14 From Beth Togarmah, they traded horses, war horses, and mules for your goods. 15 The men of Dedan were your merchants; many coastlands were your clients; they paid you with ivory tusks and ebony wood as your payments. 16 Aram traded with you because of the vast amount of your products; they exchanged turquoise, purple fabric, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your wares. 17 Judah and the land of Israel were your merchants. They traded wheat from Minnith, sweet confections, honey, oil, and balm for your merchandise. 18 Damascus traded with you because of the abundance of your goods and the multitude of your wealth, offering wine from Helbon and fine white wool. 19 Dan and Javan from Uzal exchanged your goods for wrought iron, cassia, and aromatic cane, contributing to your merchandise. 20 The men of Dedan were your merchants, dealing in luxurious garments for chariot riders. 21 Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were merchants at your service, trading lambs, rams, and goats with you. 22 The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you, offering the finest spices, precious stones, and gold in exchange for your wares. 23 Haran, Canneh, and Eden, as well as the merchants of Sheba, Assyria, and Chilmad, traded with you. 24 They sold you luxurious items, embroidered blue and multicolored garments, treasures of fine clothes, bound with strong cords, packed securely for your market. 25 The ships of Tarshish carried your goods as your trading fleet. You were filled with merchandise and became glorious in the heart of the seas. 26 Your rowers brought you into deep waters, but the east wind broke you apart in the heart of the seas. 27 Your wealth, merchandise, wares, sailors, pilots, ship-repairers, merchants, and all your warriors, along with the people in your midst, will sink into the heart of the seas on the day of your ruin. 28 At the sound of the cries of your pilots, the surrounding lands will tremble. 29 All who handle the oars, the sailors, and all the seafaring captains will disembark from their ships and stand on the shore. 30 They will mourn over you with loud cries, bitterly wailing, throwing dust on their heads and rolling in ashes. 31 They will shave their heads for you and wrap themselves in sackcloth. In deep anguish and bitter mourning, they will weep for you. 32 And they will chant a dirge for you, lamenting, 'Who was ever like Tyre, silenced and destroyed in the midst of the sea?' 33 When your merchandise went out to the seas, you satisfied many peoples. With your abundant wealth and your goods, you enriched the kings of the earth. 34 Now that you are broken in the seas, in the depths of the waters, your goods and all your company have fallen in your midst. 35 All the inhabitants of the coastlands are appalled at you; their kings shudder with horror, their faces troubled. 36 The merchants among the peoples hiss at you; you have become a source of terror and will cease to exist forever. 1 The word of the LORD came to me, saying: 2 Son of man, say to the ruler of Tyre, 'This is what the Lord GOD says: Because your heart has grown proud, and you have said, “I am a god; I sit in the seat of gods, in the heart of the seas,” but you are a man and not a god, though you have set your heart as if it were the heart of a god— 3 Indeed, you are wiser than Daniel; no secret is hidden from you. 4 By your wisdom and understanding, you have made wealth for yourself, and you have gathered gold and silver into your treasuries. 5 By your great skill in trading, you have increased your wealth, and your heart has grown proud because of your wealth. 6 Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: Because you have set your heart as if it were the heart of a god, 7 therefore, behold, I will bring strangers upon you, the most ruthless of nations. They will draw their swords against your beauty and wisdom, and they will defile your splendor. 8 They will bring you down to the pit, and you will die the death of the slain in the heart of the seas. 9 Will you still say, “I am a god,” in the presence of those who kill you? Yet you are a man and not a god in the hands of those who wound you. 10 You will die the death of the uncircumcised at the hand of outsiders, for I have spoken,’ declares the Lord GOD. 11 The word of the LORD came to me, saying: 12 Son of man, take up a lament concerning the king of Tyre, and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord GOD says: You were the seal of perfection, full of wisdom and perfect in beauty. 13 You were in Eden, the garden of God. Every precious stone was your covering: ruby, topaz, and diamond; beryl, onyx, and jasper; sapphire, turquoise, and emerald; and gold. The workmanship of your settings and mountings was prepared for you on the day you were created. 14 You were an anointed guardian cherub, and I placed you on the holy mountain of God. You walked among the stones of fire. 15 You were blameless in your ways from the day you were created until wickedness was found in you. 16 Through your widespread trade, you were filled with violence, and you sinned. So I drove you in disgrace from the mountain of God, and I expelled you, guardian cherub, from among the stones of fire. 17 Your heart became proud because of your beauty; you corrupted your wisdom on account of your splendor. So I threw you to the earth; I made you a spectacle before kings. 18 By your many sins and your dishonest trade, you have profaned your sanctuaries. So I brought fire out from within you, and it consumed you. I reduced you to ashes on the ground in the sight of all those watching. 19 All the nations who knew you are appalled at you; you have come to a terrible end and will exist no more forever. 20 The word of the LORD came to me, saying: 21 Son of man, set your face toward Sidon, and prophesy against it, 22 and say, ‘This is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am against you, Sidon, and I will display My glory in your midst. Then they will know that I am the LORD, when I execute judgments against her and reveal My holiness through her. 23 I will send a plague upon her and bloodshed in her streets. The slain will fall in her midst by the sword that attacks her from every side. Then they will know that I am the LORD. 24 No longer will the people of Israel have among them a pricking brier or a painful thorn from any of their neighbors who scorn them. Then they will know that I am the Lord GOD. 25 This is what the Lord GOD says: When I gather the house of Israel from the peoples among whom they have been scattered, I will be shown as holy through them in the sight of the nations. Then they will live in their own land, which I gave to My servant Jacob. 26 They will live there in safety, build houses, and plant vineyards. They will live securely when I execute judgments on all their neighbors who treat them with contempt. Then they will know that I am the LORD their God.
• Joel 3:4-8 : 4 Now, what have you against me, Tyre and Sidon and all the regions of Philistia? Are you repaying me for something I have done? If you are repaying me, I will swiftly and speedily return your recompense upon your own heads. 5 For you took my silver and my gold and carried my precious treasures into your temples. 6 You sold the people of Judah and Jerusalem to the Greeks, removing them far from their own territory. 7 Behold, I am going to arouse them from the place where you sold them, and I will return your recompense upon your own heads. 8 I will sell your sons and daughters to the people of Judah, and they will sell them to the Sabeans, a distant nation. The LORD has spoken.
• Rom 11:8-9 : 8 As it is written: "God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that could not see and ears that could not hear, to this very day." 9 And David says, "Let their table become a snare and a trap, a stumbling block and a retribution for them." 10 "Let their eyes be darkened so they cannot see, and their backs be bent forever." 11 Again I ask, did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Certainly not! Rather, because of their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel envious.
• 1 Tim 4:2 : 2 They will speak lies with hypocrisy, and their consciences will be seared as with a hot iron.
• Rev 11:3 : 3 And I will give power to my two witnesses, and they will prophesy for 1,260 days, clothed in sackcloth.
• Job 42:6 : 6 Therefore, I despise myself and repent in dust and ashes.
• Matt 11:20-23 : 20 Then He began to denounce the cities in which most of His miracles had been performed, because they did not repent: 21 ‘Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were performed in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.’ 22 But I tell you, it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you. 23 And you, Capernaum, will you be lifted to the heavens? No, you will be brought down to Hades. For if the miracles that were performed in you had been done in Sodom, it would have remained to this day.
• Mark 8:22-26 : 22 They came to Bethsaida. Some people brought a blind man to him and begged him to touch him. 23 Taking the blind man by the hand, he led him out of the village. After spitting on his eyes and laying his hands on him, he asked him, 'Do you see anything?' 24 The man looked up and said, 'I see people, but they look like trees walking around.' 25 Again Jesus placed his hands on the man’s eyes, and he saw clearly. His sight was restored, and he saw everything distinctly. 26 Jesus sent him home, saying, 'Don’t even go into the village.'
• Luke 9:10-17 : 10 When the apostles returned, they reported to Jesus what they had done. Then he took them with him and withdrew privately to a town called Bethsaida. 11 But the crowds learned about it and followed him. He welcomed them and spoke to them about the kingdom of God, and he healed those who needed healing. 12 As the day was coming to an end, the twelve approached him and said, 'Send the crowd away so they can go to the surrounding villages and countryside to find food and lodging, because we are in a remote place here.' 13 But he said to them, 'You give them something to eat.' They replied, 'We have no more than five loaves and two fish—unless we go and buy food for all these people.' 14 For about five thousand men were there. But he said to his disciples, 'Have them sit down in groups of about fifty each.' 15 So they did as instructed and had them all sit down. 16 Taking the five loaves and the two fish, he looked up to heaven, gave thanks, broke them, and gave them to the disciples to distribute to the crowd. 17 They all ate and were satisfied, and the leftovers were gathered—twelve baskets of broken pieces.
• John 3:5-6 : 5 Jesus answered, 'Truly, truly, I tell you, unless someone is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.' 6 What is born of the flesh is flesh, and what is born of the Spirit is spirit.
• Acts 28:25-28 : 25 They disagreed among themselves and began to leave after Paul had made this final statement: 'The Holy Spirit was right in speaking to your ancestors through the prophet Isaiah:' 26 'Go to this people and say, "You will indeed hear but never understand; you will indeed see but never perceive."' 27 For this people's heart has grown calloused; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise, they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.' 28 Therefore, let it be known to you that this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will listen!
• Rom 9:29-33 : 29 And just as Isaiah said previously: 'Unless the Lord of Hosts had left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, we would have been made like Gomorrah.' 30 What then shall we say? That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, attained righteousness, that is, a righteousness that is by faith; 31 but Israel, who pursued a law of righteousness, did not attain it. 32 Why not? Because they did not pursue it by faith, but as though it were by works. They stumbled over the stone of stumbling, 33 Just as it is written: 'Behold, I am laying in Zion a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense; and the one who believes in him will not be put to shame.'
• Dan 9:3 : 3 So I turned my attention to the Lord God, seeking Him in prayer and petitions, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes.
• Isa 61:3 : 3 To provide for those who mourn in Zion—giving them a crown of beauty instead of ashes, the oil of gladness instead of mourning, a garment of praise instead of a spirit of faintness. They will be called oaks of righteousness, a planting of the Lord to display His splendor.
• Ezek 3:6-7 : 6 You are not sent to many peoples with unintelligible speech or difficult tongues whose words you cannot understand. Surely, if I had sent you to them, they would have listened to you. 7 But the house of Israel will not be willing to listen to you, for they are not willing to listen to me. The entire house of Israel is hard-headed and stubborn-hearted.